Simulation of reconfigurable double-input optical gates based on a microring flower-like structure, part II. Combinational logic gates

Mohammad Seifi Laleh; Mohammad Razaghi

doi:10.1364/AO.440946

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 3,
pp. 783-791
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.440946

Simulation of reconfigurable double-input optical gates based on a microring flower-like structure. part II. Combinational logic gates

Mohammad Seifi Laleh and Mohammad Razaghi

Not Accessible

Your library or personal account may give you access

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Mohammad Seifi Laleh and Mohammad Razaghi, "Simulation of reconfigurable double-input optical gates based on a microring flower-like structure, part II. Combinational logic gates," Appl. Opt. 61, 783-791 (2022)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Check for updates

Abstract

A microring flower-like architecture is introduced to obtain optical logic gates that can be reconfigured. The proposed design can operate as a time-division multiplexer, a half adder/subtractor, and an optical single bit comparator circuit. The optical pump pulses modulate the microring resonators in this arrangement. Green lasers with a resonant wavelength of 532 nm are used to generate the optical pump pulses. To theoretically analyze the structure, the signal flow graph approach is applied. The proposed structure’s performance is investigated by calculating certain figures of merit for the resulting output data streams. Outputs of the presented combinational logic gates are optimized by designing the most proper geometry of flower-like structure and simultaneously by opting for the best input port to drop port’s optical path. It is demonstrated that proper distinguishing between 0 and 1 levels occurs in the output. The compact structure proposed is simple, expandable, and reconfigurable. The proposed structure can be used as a key component in high-speed optical networks, according to simulation results.

Full Article | PDF Article

More Like This

Simulation of reconfigurable double-input optical gates based on a microring flower-like structure. part I. basic gates

Mohammad Seifi Laleh and Mohammad Razaghi
Appl. Opt. 59(15) 4589-4598 (2020)

All optical half-adder/subtractor using photonic-crystal-based nonlinear cavities

Yanfeng Fang and Xiaoping Tang
Appl. Opt. 61(9) 2306-2312 (2022)

All-optical ultrafast XOR/XNOR logic gates, binary counter, and double-bit comparator with silicon microring resonators

Purnima Sethi and Sukhdev Roy
Appl. Opt. 53(28) 6527-6536 (2014)

Previous Article Next Article

Data Availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (11)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (12)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Equations (4)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

			Resonance Status of MRRs
$A$	$B$	Input Port	$1^{st}$	$2^{nd}$	$3^{rd}$	$4^{th}$	5^th	Forward Path	Drop Port	Optical Gate
0	0	$1^{st}$	on	on	on	off	off	1-3-2	$1^{st}$	$A^{'} \cdot B^{'}$
		$2^{nd}$						—	$3^{rd}$	$B^{'}$
		$3^{rd}$						—	$4^{th}$	$A^{'}$
		$4^{th}$						2-3-1	$2^{nd}$	$A^{'} \cdot B^{'}$

			Resonance Status of MRRs
$A$	$B$	Input Port	$1^{st}$	$2^{nd}$	$3^{rd}$	$4^{th}$	5^th	Forward Path	Drop Port	Optical Gate
0	1	$2^{nd}$	on	off	on	on	off	4-3-1	$2^{nd}$	$A^{'} \cdot B$
		$1^{st}$						1-3-4	$3^{rd}$	$A^{'} \cdot B$
		$3^{rd}$						—	$4^{th}$	$A^{'}$
		$4^{th}$						—	$1^{st}$	$B$

			Resonance Status of MRRs
$A$	$B$	Input Port	$1^{st}$	$2^{nd}$	$3^{rd}$	$4^{th}$	5^th	Forward Path	Drop Port	Optical Gate
1	0	$4^{th}$	off	on	on	off	on	2-3-5	$4^{th}$	$A \cdot B^{'}$
		$2^{nd}$						—	$3^{rd}$	$B^{'}$
		$3^{rd}$						5-3-2	$1^{st}$	$A \cdot B^{'}$
		$1^{st}$						—	$2^{nd}$	$A$

			Resonance Status of MRRs
$A$	$B$	Input Port	$1^{st}$	$2^{nd}$	$3^{rd}$	$4^{th}$	5^th	Forward Path	Drop Port	Optical Gate
1	1	$3^{rd}$	off	off	on	on	on	5-3-4	$3^{rd}$	$A \cdot B$
		$2^{nd}$						4-3-5	$4^{th}$	$A \cdot B$
		$1^{st}$						–	$2^{nd}$	$A$
		$4^{th}$						–	$1^{st}$	$B$

	Time [ps]
Input Signal	100	200	300	400	500	600	700	800	Signal Stream
$1^{st}$	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	11000000
$2^{nd}$	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	00100000
$3^{rd}$	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	00000001
$4^{th}$	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	00001100
OPP $A$	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	00001111
OPP $B$	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	00110011

$A$	$B$	Drop Port	Forward Path	Operation	Logical Result
0	0	$1^{st}$	1-3-2	$A^{'} \cdot B^{'}$ .( $1^{st}$ input)	$(11000000) . (11000000) = 11000000$
		$2^{nd}$	2-3-1	$A^{'} \cdot B^{'}$ . ( $4^{th}$ input)	$(11000000) . (00001100) = 00000000$
		$3^{rd}$	—	$B^{'}$ . ( $2^{nd}$ input)	$(11001100) . (00100000) = 00000000$
		$4^{th}$	—	$A^{'}$ .( $3^{rd}$ input)	$(11110000) . (00000001) = 00000000$

$A$	$B$	Drop Port	Forward Path	Operation	Logical Result
0	1	$1^{st}$	—	$B$ . ( $4^{th}$ input)	$(00110011) . (00001100) = 00000000$
		$2^{nd}$	4-3-1	$A^{'} \cdot B$ . ( $2^{nd}$ input)	$(00110000) . (00100000) = 00100000$
		$3^{rd}$	1-3-4	$A^{'} \cdot B$ . ( $1^{st}$ input)	$(00110000) . (11000000) = 00000000$
		$4^{th}$	—	$A^{'}$ . ( $3^{rd}$ input)	$(11110000) . (00000001) = 00000000$

$A$	$B$	Drop Port	Forward Path	Operation	Logical Result
1	0	$1^{st}$	5-3-2	$A \cdot B^{'}$ . ( $3^{rd}$ input)	$(00001100) . (00000001) = 00000000$
		$2^{nd}$	—	$A$ . ( $1^{st}$ input)	$(00001111) . (11000000) = 00000000$
		$3^{rd}$	—	$B^{'}$ . ( $2^{nd}$ input)	$(11001100) . (00010000) = 00000000$
		$4^{th}$	2-3-5	$A \cdot B^{'}$ . ( $4^{th}$ input)	$(00001100) . (00001100) = 00001100$

			Intensity (a.u)
Optical Gate	Operator	Input Drop	Max	Min	Logic	$ER$ (dB)	$CR$ (dB)	$AM$ (dB)	$EO$ %
$A = B$	$A ⊙ B$	$(4 - 2) + (2 - 4)$	0.0284	0.0281	0	13.291	14.024	1.319	95.31
$A = B$	$A ⊙ B$	$(4 - 2) + (2 - 4)$	0.821	0.606	1	13.291	14.024	1.319	95.31
$A > B$	$A \cdot B^{'}$	4–4	0.324	0.141	0	13.96	15.45	0.0853	95.98
$A > B$	$A \cdot B^{'}$	4–4	0.823	0.807	1	13.96	15.45	0.0853	95.98
$A < B$	$A^{'} \cdot B$	2–2	0.301	0.139	0	14.26	15.64	0.048	96.25
$A < B$	$A^{'} \cdot B$	2–2	0.811	0.802	1	14.26	15.64	0.048	96.25

			Intensity (a.u)
Optical Gate	Operator	Input Drop	Max	Min	Logic	$ER$ (dB)	$CR$ (dB)	$AM$ (dB)	$EO$ %
Sum	$A \oplus B$	$(4 - 4) + (2 - 2)$	0.312	0.306	0	12.95	13.798	1.47	94.93
Sum	$A \oplus B$	$(4 - 4) + (2 - 2)$	0.866	0.616	1	12.95	13.798	1.47
Carry	$A \cdot B$	3–3	0.302	0.163	0	14.58	15.72	0.045	96.52
Carry	$A \cdot B$	3–3	0.868	0.8671	1	14.58	15.72	0.045

			Intensity (a.u)
Optical Gate	Operator	Input Drop	Max	Min	Logic	$ER$ (dB)	$CR$ (dB)	$AM$ (dB)	$EO$ %
Difference	$A \oplus B$	$(4 - 4) + (2 - 2)$	0.336	0.335	0	12.56	13.42	1.55	94.45
Difference	$A \oplus B$	$(4 - 4) + (2 - 2)$	0.867	0.606	1	12.56	13.42	1.55	94.45
Borrow	$A \cdot B^{'}$	4–4	0.318	0.171	0	14.33	15.49	0.0451	96.31
Borrow	$A \cdot B^{'}$	4–4	0.871	0.862	1	14.33	15.49	0.0451	96.31

			Intensity (a.u)
Optical Gate	Operator	Input Drop	Max	Min	Logic	$ER$ (dB)	$CR$ (dB)	$AM$ (dB)	$EO$ %
Sum	$A \oplus B$	$(4 - 4) + (2 - 2)$	0.312	0.306	0	12.95	13.798	1.47	94.93
Sum	$A \oplus B$	$(4 - 4) + (2 - 2)$	0.866	0.616	1	12.95	13.798	1.47
Carry	$A \cdot B$	3–3	0.302	0.163	0	14.58	15.72	0.045	96.52
Carry	$A \cdot B$	3–3	0.868	0.8671	1	14.58	15.72	0.045

			Intensity (a.u)
Optical Gate	Operator	Input Drop	Max	Min	Logic	$ER$ (dB)	$CR$ (dB)	$AM$ (dB)	$EO$ %
Difference	$A \oplus B$	$(4 - 4) + (2 - 2)$	0.336	0.335	0	12.56	13.42	1.55	94.45
Difference	$A \oplus B$	$(4 - 4) + (2 - 2)$	0.867	0.606	1	12.56	13.42	1.55	94.45
Borrow	$A \cdot B^{'}$	4–4	0.318	0.171	0	14.33	15.49	0.0451	96.31
Borrow	$A \cdot B^{'}$	4–4	0.871	0.862	1	14.33	15.49	0.0451	96.31

Abstract

Data Availability

Cited By

Figures (11)

Tables (12)

Equations (4)

Applied Optics