Airborne validation of the general image quality equation 5

Daniel A. Lemaster

doi:10.1364/AO.402118

Applied Optics
Vol. 59,
Issue 32,
pp. 9978-9984
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.402118

Airborne validation of the general image quality equation 5

Daniel A. Lemaster

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Daniel A. Lemaster, "Airborne validation of the general image quality equation 5," Appl. Opt. 59, 9978-9984 (2020)

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- Imaging Systems, Image Processing, and Displays
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: July 7, 2020
- Revised Manuscript: October 4, 2020
- Manuscript Accepted: October 9, 2020
- Published: November 3, 2020

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Abstract

The general image quality equation (GIQE) maps imaging system parameters to performance in terms of common detection and recognition tasks. Changes to the National Imagery Interpretation Rating Scale led to the development of GIQE version 5 in 2015. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of GIQE 5 applications in the literature, a tutorial on its use, and, for the first time , an independent validation of the new model along with comparisons to GIQEs 3 and 4.

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GIQE	$a_{0}$	$a_{1}$	$a_{2}$	$a_{3}$	$a_{4}$
3	11.81	−3.32	3.32	−1.48	−1
4 ( $r_{4} > 0.9$ )	10.25	−3.32	1.559	−0.656	−0.344
4 ( $r_{4} < 0.9$ )	10.25	−3.16	2.817	−0.656	−0.344

Parameter	Harrington et al. [3]	Flight Test
RER ( $r_{5}$ )	0.41 (0.31, 0.54)	0.53 (0.39, 0.60)
SNR ( $s_{c}$ )	10.6 (4.1, 26.7)	41.9 (5.4, 187.5)
GSD ( $g_{5}$ )	13.2 (3.3, 34.4)	35.63 (2.4, 65.5)
IA NIIRS	5.9 (2.9, 7.7)	4.3 (2.5, 6.9)
Elev. angle ( $θ$ )	34.6° (8.9°, 87.3°)	9.9° (4.9°, 27.4°)

NIIRS Level	EO Reflective (Pan, MSI, SWIR, and Daytime MWIR)
0	Interpretability of the imagery is precluded by obscuration, degradation …
1	Identify a small cluster of houses in a rural area by overall pattern.
2	Identify individual 2 or 3 story buildings.
3	Detect large vehicles (e.g., trucks/buses) on highways.
4	Distinguish between large trucks and buses.
5	Identify trucks as cab-over-engine or engine-in-front.
6	Detect people on sidewalks or market areas (includes the shadows cast by people).
7	Determine the presence of a luggage rack on the roof of a light colored vehicle.
8	Reliably identify the arms and legs on an individual.
9	Distinguish hands/feet from limbs.

	I 1	I 2	I 3	I 4	I 5	I 6	I 7	I 8	I 9	I 10
IA 1	7.5	7.5	5.5	3	5.5	4	3.5	4	2	3
IA 2	7.5	6	5.5	3.5	4.5	3.5	4	4.5	3.5	3.5
IA 3	7	7	5	3	5	4.5	4	4.5	3	4
IA 4	6.8	7.3	5.7	3.8	5	3.4	3	3.8	2.7	2.5
IA 5	6.5	6	5	4	5	4	2.5	3	1.5	3
IA 6	6.5	6	4.5	4	4	3.5	3	3	2.5	3
IA 7	7	7	6	4.8	4.8	4	2.6	3.8	2	2.5
IA 8	6	7	5.5	3.2	5	2.8	2.5	2	2.5	3
IA 9	7	6	4.5	3.5	5.5	4	3.5	4	2.5	3
IA 10	7.1	6.8	5.5	3.3	4.5	3.2	3	3.9	2.8	3
GIQE 3	8.1	7.7	6.3	5.2	6.3	6	5.1	4.7	4.3	4.3
GIQE 4	6.7	6.5	4.5	3.4	4.5	4.1	3.3	2.8	2.5	2.5
GIQE 5	7.5	6.8	5.1	3.9	5.1	4.8	3.8	3.3	2.9	2.9
GSD, $g_{5}$ (inches)	2.4	6.9	21.4	44.2	21.6	25.8	46	56.9	65.5	65.5
Elevation angle (degrees)	13.4	27.4	10.9	6.3	10.8	9.4	6.1	5.3	4.9	4.9
RER, $r_{5}$	0.39	0.6	0.57	0.53	0.57	0.57	0.53	0.51	0.5	0.5
SNR, $s_{c}$	18.8	187.5	59.6	15.9	58.7	45	14.5	8.3	5.4	5.4

GIQE	$a_{0}$	$a_{1}$	$a_{2}$	$a_{3}$	$a_{4}$
3	11.81	−3.32	3.32	−1.48	−1
4 ( $r_{4} > 0.9$ )	10.25	−3.32	1.559	−0.656	−0.344
4 ( $r_{4} < 0.9$ )	10.25	−3.16	2.817	−0.656	−0.344

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Applied Optics