Advances and challenges of soft contact lens design for myopia control

Qing Li; Fengzhou Fang

doi:10.1364/AO.58.001639

Applied Optics
Vol. 58,
Issue 7,
pp. 1639-1656
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.001639

Advances and challenges of soft contact lens design for myopia control

Qing Li and Fengzhou Fang

Not Accessible

Your library or personal account may give you access

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Qing Li and Fengzhou Fang, "Advances and challenges of soft contact lens design for myopia control," Appl. Opt. 58, 1639-1656 (2019)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Check for updates

Abstract

Myopia has shown a rapid increase during the past decades around the world, posing great threat to ocular health. Myopia is mostly attributed to an overgrowth of the axial length of the eye, which is an abnormal growth of the sclera that is attributed to a series of environmental and genetic factors and their interactions. Soft contact lenses have the potential to be an ideal method of correction for slowing myopic progression. This paper serves as a comprehensive review of the state of the art in the field of soft contact lens design for myopia control. The knowledge gaps are identified in designing the contact lenses and potential challenges are also presented that could be faced in future development.

Full Article | PDF Article

More Like This

Comparison of optical myopia control interventions: effect on peripheral image quality and vision

Petros Papadogiannis, Charlie Börjeson, and Linda Lundström
Biomed. Opt. Express 14(7) 3125-3137 (2023)

Foveal and peripheral visual quality and accommodation with multifocal contact lenses

Petros Papadogiannis, Dmitry Romashchenko, Shrilekha Vedhakrishnan, Britta Persson, Anna Lindskoog Pettersson, Susana Marcos, and Linda Lundström
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 39(6) B39-B49 (2022)

In-depth optical characterization of spectacle lenses for myopia progression management

Augusto Arias, Arne Ohlendorf, Pablo Artal, and Siegfried Wahl
Optica 10(5) 594-603 (2023)

Previous Article Next Article

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (18)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (2)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Equations (2)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Contact Lenses (Replacement Schedule)	Authors (Year)/Manufacturer	Material (Water Content)	Refractive Index	Central Thickness (mm)	Base Curve^a (mm)	Total Diameter (mm)	Optical Zone Diameter (mm)	Center Correction Zone Diameter (mm)	Add Power (D)
Alternating Bifocal Design
Dual Focus(two monthly)	Anstice (2011) [28]	Hioxifilcon A (45%)	$N$ ^b	$N$	8.5	14.2	11.66	3.36	2.00 D
MiSight(daily)	CooperVision Fairpot, New York, USA	Omafilcon A (60%)	$N$	$N$	8.7	14.2	11.66	3.36	2.00 D
FCL	Manuel (2014) [32,33]	Hioxifilcon A	1.401	$N$	8.4, 8.6	14.50	13.14	4.50	$+ 2.00$
DISC(6 monthly)	Lam (2011) [34]	2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (38%)	$N$	$N$	8.0 to 8.9	13.5 or 14.0	$N$	$N$	$+ 2.50$
Acuvue Oasys for Presbyopia (every two weeks)	Vistakon, Division of Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, Florida, USA	Senofilcon A (38%)	1.42	0.07 ( $- 3.0 D$ )	8.4	14.3(14.0)	$N$	$N$	Low (up to 1.25 D)MidHigh (up to 2.50 D)
Progressive Multifocal Design
AMCL(monthly)	Sankaridurg (2011) [22]	Lotrafilcon B	$N$	$N$	8.6	14.2	9	3.0	$+ 2.00$ (max)
ExpSCL	Pauné (2014) [35]	Hioxifilcon B (49%)	1.425	$N$	8.6	14	9.0	0	$+ 6.50$ (max)
SRRG	Pauné (2015) [42]	2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate (38%)		0.09 to 0.14	8.0 to 8.9	14.0 to 15.0	8.0	0	+6.00 (max)
Proclear Multifocal Distance(monthly wear)	CooperVision, Fairport, New York, USA	Omafilcon B (62%)	1.39 (1.40)	$N$	8.7 (8.6)	14.4(14.2)	8.5	2.3	$+ 1.00$ $+ 1.50$ $+ 2.00$ $+ 2.50$
Biofinity MultifocalDistance(monthly wear)	CooperVision, Fairport, New York, USA	Comifilcon A (48%)	1.40	0.09 ( $- 3.0 D$ )	8.6	14.0	$N$	$N$	$+ 1.00$ $+ 1.50$ $+ 2.00$ $+ 2.50$
Low-addition soft contact lenses	Fujikado (2014) [39];Menicon, Nagoya, Japan	Mipafilcon A	$N$	$N$	8.6	14.5	8	3.25	0.50 D
Aspheric Single-vision Design
$+ SA$ aspheric ( $+ 0.175 μm$ )	Cheng (2016) [40]	Etafilcon A	$N$	$N$	8.5	14.0	$N$	$N$	—

Authors (year)	Contact Lenses	Instruments	Visual Field	Modality	Sample Size	Age	Central Refraction	Average Induced RPRE ( $M$ )	Lens Decentration
Daniela (2011) [52]	Proclear Multifocal D(Add: $+ 1.00 \sim + 4.00 D$ , in 1.00 Dsteps)	Grand-Seiko WAM-5500 open-field autorefractometer	Horizontal 35° $N$ to 35° $T$ in 5° steps;	Eye rotation	20 (right eyes)	$21.6 \pm 2.3$	$- 0.06 \pm 0.54 D$	$+ 1.00 D$ add: $+ 0.01 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $+ 0.12 D$ ( $N 30$ ); $+ 2.00 D$ add: $+ 0.18 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 0.04 D$ ( $N 30$ ); $+ 3.00 D$ add: $- 0.30 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 1.10 D$ ( $N 30$ ); $+ 4.00 D$ add: $+ 0.03 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 1.02 D$ ( $N 30$ );	N/A
Daniela (2013) [37]	Proclear Multifocal D (Add $+ 2.00 D$ and $+ 3.00 D$ )	Grand-Seiko WAM-5500 open-field autorefractometer	Horizontal 35° $N$ to 35° $T$ in 5° steps;	Eye rotation	28	$22.0 \pm 2.0$	$- 2.24 \pm 1.33 D$	$+ 2.00 D$ add: $- 0.11 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 0.54 D$ ( $N 30$ ); $+ 3.00 D$ add: $- 0.90 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 1.71 D$ ( $N 30$ );	decentration on primary gaze $< 0.5 mm$ ; Lag on lateral gaze $< 0.25 mm$ .
Robert (2012) [48]	Proclear Multifcoal D (Add $+ 1.00 D$ and $+ 2.00 D$ )	Fast scanning Shack–Hartmann sensor	Horizontal 40° $N$ to 40° $T$ in 1° steps;	No rotation	4	$25 \sim 39$	0 D; $+ 0.5 D$ ; $- 0.5 D$ ; $- 2.75 D$ ;	$+ 1.00 D$ add: $- 0.05 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $+ 0.05 D$ ( $N 30$ ); $+ 2.00 D$ add: $- 0.19 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 0.36 D$ ( $N 30$ ); (wavefront refraction)	N/A
Anita (2013) [53]	Proclear Multifcoal D (Add $+ 2.00 D$ )	Grand Seiko WR-5100K autorefractor	Horizontal 30° $N$ to 30° $T$ in 10 ° steps;Vertical 30° $S$ to 30° $I$ in 10° steps;	Eye rotation	14	$8 \sim 35$	$- 2.84 \pm 1.29 D$	$+ 1.15 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $+ 0.55 D$ ( $N 30$ ), $+ 0.64 D$ ( $I 30$ ), $+ 0.96 D$ ( $S 30$ );(RPRE only)	N/A
Kang (2013) [49]	Proclear Multifocal D (Add $+ 2.00 D$ )	Shin-Nippon NVision-K5001 autorefractor	Horizontal 10°, 20°, 30°, 35° $N$ and $T$ .	Eye rotation	34	$18 \sim 19$	$- 0.75 \sim - 6.00 D$	$+ 0.46 D$ ( $30 T$ ), $- 0.30 D$ ( $30 N$ )	N/A
Berntsen (2013) [51]	Biofinity Multifocal D (Add $+ 2.50 D$ )	Grand Seiko WAM-5500 open-field autorefractor	Horizontal 40° $N$ to 40° $T$ in 10° steps;	Head rotation	25	$23.8 \pm 1.3$	$- 3.62 \pm 1.56 D$	$- 0.75 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 1.09 D$ ( $N 30$ )	N/A
Pauné (2014) [35]	ExpSCL	Open-field Grand Seiko Auto-Refractometer/Keratometer WAM-5500	Horizontal 30° $N$ to 30° $T$ in 5° steps;	Head rotation	10	$23.4 \pm 1.84$	$- 3.37 \pm 1.28 D$	$- 0.66 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 0.46 D$ ( $N 30$ ) (RPRE only)	Decentration on primary gaze $< 0.5 mm$ ; Lag on lateral gaze $< 0.5 mm$ .
Sankaridurg (2011) [22]	AMCL	Shin-Nippon autorefractor	Horizontal 20°, 30°, 40° $N$ and $T$	Head rotation	60	$7 \sim 14$	$- 0.75 \sim - 3.50 D$	$- 0.06 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 1.32 D$ ( $N 30$ )	N/A
Manuel (2018) [33]	FCL	Open-field Grand Seiko Auto-Refractometer/Keratometer WAM-5500	$60 ° \times 30 °$ (horizontal × vertical) of central visual field	Eye rotation	26	$23.77 \pm 3.62$	$- 2.62 \pm 1.59 D$	$- 0.17 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 0.63 D$ ( $N 30$ )	Decentration: 0.39–1.05 mm temporal, 0.64 mm down to 1.38 mm up

Contact Lenses (Replacement Schedule)	Authors (Year)/Manufacturer	Material (Water Content)	Refractive Index	Central Thickness (mm)	Base Curve^a (mm)	Total Diameter (mm)	Optical Zone Diameter (mm)	Center Correction Zone Diameter (mm)	Add Power (D)
Alternating Bifocal Design
Dual Focus(two monthly)	Anstice (2011) [28]	Hioxifilcon A (45%)	$N$ ^b	$N$	8.5	14.2	11.66	3.36	2.00 D
MiSight(daily)	CooperVision Fairpot, New York, USA	Omafilcon A (60%)	$N$	$N$	8.7	14.2	11.66	3.36	2.00 D
FCL	Manuel (2014) [32,33]	Hioxifilcon A	1.401	$N$	8.4, 8.6	14.50	13.14	4.50	$+ 2.00$
DISC(6 monthly)	Lam (2011) [34]	2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (38%)	$N$	$N$	8.0 to 8.9	13.5 or 14.0	$N$	$N$	$+ 2.50$
Acuvue Oasys for Presbyopia (every two weeks)	Vistakon, Division of Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, Florida, USA	Senofilcon A (38%)	1.42	0.07 ( $- 3.0 D$ )	8.4	14.3(14.0)	$N$	$N$	Low (up to 1.25 D)MidHigh (up to 2.50 D)
Progressive Multifocal Design
AMCL(monthly)	Sankaridurg (2011) [22]	Lotrafilcon B	$N$	$N$	8.6	14.2	9	3.0	$+ 2.00$ (max)
ExpSCL	Pauné (2014) [35]	Hioxifilcon B (49%)	1.425	$N$	8.6	14	9.0	0	$+ 6.50$ (max)
SRRG	Pauné (2015) [42]	2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate (38%)		0.09 to 0.14	8.0 to 8.9	14.0 to 15.0	8.0	0	+6.00 (max)
Proclear Multifocal Distance(monthly wear)	CooperVision, Fairport, New York, USA	Omafilcon B (62%)	1.39 (1.40)	$N$	8.7 (8.6)	14.4(14.2)	8.5	2.3	$+ 1.00$ $+ 1.50$ $+ 2.00$ $+ 2.50$
Biofinity MultifocalDistance(monthly wear)	CooperVision, Fairport, New York, USA	Comifilcon A (48%)	1.40	0.09 ( $- 3.0 D$ )	8.6	14.0	$N$	$N$	$+ 1.00$ $+ 1.50$ $+ 2.00$ $+ 2.50$
Low-addition soft contact lenses	Fujikado (2014) [39];Menicon, Nagoya, Japan	Mipafilcon A	$N$	$N$	8.6	14.5	8	3.25	0.50 D
Aspheric Single-vision Design
$+ SA$ aspheric ( $+ 0.175 μm$ )	Cheng (2016) [40]	Etafilcon A	$N$	$N$	8.5	14.0	$N$	$N$	—

Authors (year)	Contact Lenses	Instruments	Visual Field	Modality	Sample Size	Age	Central Refraction	Average Induced RPRE ( $M$ )	Lens Decentration
Daniela (2011) [52]	Proclear Multifocal D(Add: $+ 1.00 \sim + 4.00 D$ , in 1.00 Dsteps)	Grand-Seiko WAM-5500 open-field autorefractometer	Horizontal 35° $N$ to 35° $T$ in 5° steps;	Eye rotation	20 (right eyes)	$21.6 \pm 2.3$	$- 0.06 \pm 0.54 D$	$+ 1.00 D$ add: $+ 0.01 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $+ 0.12 D$ ( $N 30$ ); $+ 2.00 D$ add: $+ 0.18 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 0.04 D$ ( $N 30$ ); $+ 3.00 D$ add: $- 0.30 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 1.10 D$ ( $N 30$ ); $+ 4.00 D$ add: $+ 0.03 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 1.02 D$ ( $N 30$ );	N/A
Daniela (2013) [37]	Proclear Multifocal D (Add $+ 2.00 D$ and $+ 3.00 D$ )	Grand-Seiko WAM-5500 open-field autorefractometer	Horizontal 35° $N$ to 35° $T$ in 5° steps;	Eye rotation	28	$22.0 \pm 2.0$	$- 2.24 \pm 1.33 D$	$+ 2.00 D$ add: $- 0.11 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 0.54 D$ ( $N 30$ ); $+ 3.00 D$ add: $- 0.90 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 1.71 D$ ( $N 30$ );	decentration on primary gaze $< 0.5 mm$ ; Lag on lateral gaze $< 0.25 mm$ .
Robert (2012) [48]	Proclear Multifcoal D (Add $+ 1.00 D$ and $+ 2.00 D$ )	Fast scanning Shack–Hartmann sensor	Horizontal 40° $N$ to 40° $T$ in 1° steps;	No rotation	4	$25 \sim 39$	0 D; $+ 0.5 D$ ; $- 0.5 D$ ; $- 2.75 D$ ;	$+ 1.00 D$ add: $- 0.05 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $+ 0.05 D$ ( $N 30$ ); $+ 2.00 D$ add: $- 0.19 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 0.36 D$ ( $N 30$ ); (wavefront refraction)	N/A
Anita (2013) [53]	Proclear Multifcoal D (Add $+ 2.00 D$ )	Grand Seiko WR-5100K autorefractor	Horizontal 30° $N$ to 30° $T$ in 10 ° steps;Vertical 30° $S$ to 30° $I$ in 10° steps;	Eye rotation	14	$8 \sim 35$	$- 2.84 \pm 1.29 D$	$+ 1.15 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $+ 0.55 D$ ( $N 30$ ), $+ 0.64 D$ ( $I 30$ ), $+ 0.96 D$ ( $S 30$ );(RPRE only)	N/A
Kang (2013) [49]	Proclear Multifocal D (Add $+ 2.00 D$ )	Shin-Nippon NVision-K5001 autorefractor	Horizontal 10°, 20°, 30°, 35° $N$ and $T$ .	Eye rotation	34	$18 \sim 19$	$- 0.75 \sim - 6.00 D$	$+ 0.46 D$ ( $30 T$ ), $- 0.30 D$ ( $30 N$ )	N/A
Berntsen (2013) [51]	Biofinity Multifocal D (Add $+ 2.50 D$ )	Grand Seiko WAM-5500 open-field autorefractor	Horizontal 40° $N$ to 40° $T$ in 10° steps;	Head rotation	25	$23.8 \pm 1.3$	$- 3.62 \pm 1.56 D$	$- 0.75 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 1.09 D$ ( $N 30$ )	N/A
Pauné (2014) [35]	ExpSCL	Open-field Grand Seiko Auto-Refractometer/Keratometer WAM-5500	Horizontal 30° $N$ to 30° $T$ in 5° steps;	Head rotation	10	$23.4 \pm 1.84$	$- 3.37 \pm 1.28 D$	$- 0.66 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 0.46 D$ ( $N 30$ ) (RPRE only)	Decentration on primary gaze $< 0.5 mm$ ; Lag on lateral gaze $< 0.5 mm$ .
Sankaridurg (2011) [22]	AMCL	Shin-Nippon autorefractor	Horizontal 20°, 30°, 40° $N$ and $T$	Head rotation	60	$7 \sim 14$	$- 0.75 \sim - 3.50 D$	$- 0.06 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 1.32 D$ ( $N 30$ )	N/A
Manuel (2018) [33]	FCL	Open-field Grand Seiko Auto-Refractometer/Keratometer WAM-5500	$60 ° \times 30 °$ (horizontal × vertical) of central visual field	Eye rotation	26	$23.77 \pm 3.62$	$- 2.62 \pm 1.59 D$	$- 0.17 D$ ( $T 30$ ), $- 0.63 D$ ( $N 30$ )	Decentration: 0.39–1.05 mm temporal, 0.64 mm down to 1.38 mm up

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (18)

Tables (2)

Equations (2)

Applied Optics