Third-order optical nonlinearity of the CuCo0.5Ti0.5O2 nanostructure under 120 fs laser irradiation

Debopriya Bhattacharya; Debopriyo Ghoshal; Sayantan Bhattacharya; Dheeraj Mondal; Biplab Kumar Paul; Navonil Bose; Prasanta Kumar Datta; Sukhen Das; Mousumi Basu

doi:10.1364/AO.58.009163

Applied Optics
Vol. 58,
Issue 33,
pp. 9163-9171
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.009163

Third-order optical nonlinearity of the CuCo_0.5Ti_0.5O₂ nanostructure under 120 fs laser irradiation

Debopriya Bhattacharya, Debopriyo Ghoshal, Sayantan Bhattacharya, Dheeraj Mondal, Biplab Kumar Paul, Navonil Bose, Prasanta Kumar Datta, Sukhen Das, and Mousumi Basu

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Debopriya Bhattacharya, Debopriyo Ghoshal, Sayantan Bhattacharya, Dheeraj Mondal, Biplab Kumar Paul, Navonil Bose, Prasanta Kumar Datta, Sukhen Das, and Mousumi Basu, "Third-order optical nonlinearity of the CuCo_0.5Ti_0.5O₂ nanostructure under 120 fs laser irradiation," Appl. Opt. 58, 9163-9171 (2019)

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Abstract

Recently, titanium-based nanostructures with high nonlinear optical properties have found use in ultrafast photonic system applications. Here, we report a study of the third-order nonlinear optical property of the ${{\rm CuCo}_{0.5}}{{\rm Ti}_{0.5}}{{\rm O}_2}$ (CCoTO) nanostructure synthesized via a simple chemical route. The 40–70 nm CCoTO nanoparticles with centrosymmetric crystalline structure show strong absorption in the 325–850 nm wavelength range due to the presence of different crystalline phases and surface vacancies. A Z-scan technique is used to study the electronic third-order nonlinearity of the synthesized nanoparticles, where a low-repetition-rate 120 fs laser source is employed to minimize thermal agitation-related nonlinearity. The CCoTO nanoparticles possess high surface defects due to oxygen- and copper-related vacancies, which are able to enhance the exciton oscillator strength resulting from the high value of third-order optical nonlinearity. The estimated values of nonlinear refractive index (${n_2}$) and nonlinear absorption coefficient ($\beta $) of the CCoTO are $ - {1.24}\; \times \;{{10}^{ - 15}}$ and ${3.79} \times {{10}^{ - 11}}$, respectively, under ${188}\,\,{{\rm GW/cm}^2}$ incident intensity. The intensity-dependent nonlinear optical property of the synthesized nanoparticles is also studied under different incident laser irradiation (62.7, 93, and ${188}\,\,{{\rm GW/cm}^2}$). In the two-photon absorption (TPA)-dominated third-order nonlinear optical process, the values of ${n_2}$ and $\beta $ of CCoTO are increased with intensifying the incident laser irradiation. The obtained high value of third-order optical nonlinearity of the synthesized nanostructure can be exploited in optical power limiters, pulse power reshaping, and optical switching applications.

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Source Intensity ( $G W / {c m}^{2}$ )	$n_{2}$ ( ${c m}^{2} / W$ )	$β$ (cm/W)	$R e [χ^{(3)}]$ (esu)	$I m [χ^{(3)}]$ (esu)	$χ^{(3)}$ (esu)	$σ$ (TPCS)(GM)
62.7	$- 4.69 \times 10^{- 16}$	$1.55 \times 10^{- 11}$	$4.28 \times 10^{- 13}$	$6.20 \times 10^{- 14}$	$4.30 \times 10^{- 13}$	$2.35 \times 10^{11}$
93	$- 9.50 \times 10^{- 16}$	$2.87 \times 10^{- 11}$	$8.68 \times 10^{- 13}$	$1.10 \times 10^{- 13}$	$8.80 \times 10^{- 13}$	$4.36 \times 10^{11}$
188	$- 1.24 \times 10^{- 15}$	$3.79 \times 10^{- 11}$	$1.13 \times 10^{- 12}$	$1.50 \times 10^{- 13}$	$1.10 \times 10^{- 12}$	$5.7 \times 10^{12}$

Material Names	Sample Type	Measured Parameters	References
${10 L i}_{2} O \cdot {10 T i O}_{2} \cdot {80 T e O}_{2}$	Glass	$χ^{(3)} (e s u) = 8.0 \times 10^{- 13}$	[38]
${N b O}_{5 / 2} - {T i O}_{2} - {N a}_{2} {O - S i O}_{2}$	Glass	$χ^{(3)} (e s u) = 0.7 - 5.8 \times 10^{- 14}$	[38]
$P b O - {T i O}_{2} - {T e O}_{2}$	Glass	$χ^{(3)} (e s u) = 3.7 \times 10^{- 12}$	[39]
Fe-doped ${K T i O A s O}_{4}$	Crystals	$n_{2} = 0.9 \times 10^{- 15} {c m}^{2} / W$	[46]
${K T i O A s O}_{4}$	Crystals	$n_{2} = 1.7 \times 10^{- 15} {c m}^{2} / W$	[46]
${K T i O P O}_{4}$	Crystals	$n_{2} = 1.2 \times 10^{- 15} {c m}^{2} / W$	[46]
$C C T O / M g O$	Thin film	$χ^{(3)} (R e) / χ^{(3)} (I m) = - 7.4 / - 1.8 \times 10^{- 16}$	[47]
		$n_{2} = - 2.6 \times 10^{- 14} m^{2} / W$
$C C T O / S i O 2$	Thin film	$χ^{(3)} (R e) / χ^{(3)} (I m) = - 20.2 / - 10.2 \times 10^{- 16}$	[47]
		$n_{2} = - 7.2 \times 10^{- 14} m^{2} / W$
${B i}_{3.25} {L a}_{0.75} {T i}_{3} O_{12}$	Thin film	$χ^{(3)} (R e) / χ^{(3)} (I m) = 1 / 0.42 \times 10^{- 11} {c m}^{2} / V^{2}$	[48]
		$β = 1.9 \times 10^{- 12} {c m}^{2} / W$
$({B a}_{0.7} {S r}_{0.3}) {T i O}_{3}$	Thin film	$n_{2} = 4 \times 10^{- 7} (e s u)$	[49]
		$χ^{(3)} (R e) / χ^{(3)} (I m) = 6.43 / 5.14 \times 10^{- 8} (e s u)$
${C u C o}_{0.5} {T i}_{0.5} O_{2}$	Aqueous dispersion	$χ^{(3)} (e s u) = 1.10 \times 10^{- 12}$	This work
		$n_{2} = - 1.24 \times 10^{- 15} {c m}^{2} / W$

Source Intensity ( $G W / {c m}^{2}$ )	$n_{2}$ ( ${c m}^{2} / W$ )	$β$ (cm/W)	$R e [χ^{(3)}]$ (esu)	$I m [χ^{(3)}]$ (esu)	$χ^{(3)}$ (esu)	$σ$ (TPCS)(GM)
62.7	$- 4.69 \times 10^{- 16}$	$1.55 \times 10^{- 11}$	$4.28 \times 10^{- 13}$	$6.20 \times 10^{- 14}$	$4.30 \times 10^{- 13}$	$2.35 \times 10^{11}$
93	$- 9.50 \times 10^{- 16}$	$2.87 \times 10^{- 11}$	$8.68 \times 10^{- 13}$	$1.10 \times 10^{- 13}$	$8.80 \times 10^{- 13}$	$4.36 \times 10^{11}$
188	$- 1.24 \times 10^{- 15}$	$3.79 \times 10^{- 11}$	$1.13 \times 10^{- 12}$	$1.50 \times 10^{- 13}$	$1.10 \times 10^{- 12}$	$5.7 \times 10^{12}$

Material Names	Sample Type	Measured Parameters	References
${10 L i}_{2} O \cdot {10 T i O}_{2} \cdot {80 T e O}_{2}$	Glass	$χ^{(3)} (e s u) = 8.0 \times 10^{- 13}$	[38]
${N b O}_{5 / 2} - {T i O}_{2} - {N a}_{2} {O - S i O}_{2}$	Glass	$χ^{(3)} (e s u) = 0.7 - 5.8 \times 10^{- 14}$	[38]
$P b O - {T i O}_{2} - {T e O}_{2}$	Glass	$χ^{(3)} (e s u) = 3.7 \times 10^{- 12}$	[39]
Fe-doped ${K T i O A s O}_{4}$	Crystals	$n_{2} = 0.9 \times 10^{- 15} {c m}^{2} / W$	[46]
${K T i O A s O}_{4}$	Crystals	$n_{2} = 1.7 \times 10^{- 15} {c m}^{2} / W$	[46]
${K T i O P O}_{4}$	Crystals	$n_{2} = 1.2 \times 10^{- 15} {c m}^{2} / W$	[46]
$C C T O / M g O$	Thin film	$χ^{(3)} (R e) / χ^{(3)} (I m) = - 7.4 / - 1.8 \times 10^{- 16}$	[47]
		$n_{2} = - 2.6 \times 10^{- 14} m^{2} / W$
$C C T O / S i O 2$	Thin film	$χ^{(3)} (R e) / χ^{(3)} (I m) = - 20.2 / - 10.2 \times 10^{- 16}$	[47]
		$n_{2} = - 7.2 \times 10^{- 14} m^{2} / W$
${B i}_{3.25} {L a}_{0.75} {T i}_{3} O_{12}$	Thin film	$χ^{(3)} (R e) / χ^{(3)} (I m) = 1 / 0.42 \times 10^{- 11} {c m}^{2} / V^{2}$	[48]
		$β = 1.9 \times 10^{- 12} {c m}^{2} / W$
$({B a}_{0.7} {S r}_{0.3}) {T i O}_{3}$	Thin film	$n_{2} = 4 \times 10^{- 7} (e s u)$	[49]
		$χ^{(3)} (R e) / χ^{(3)} (I m) = 6.43 / 5.14 \times 10^{- 8} (e s u)$
${C u C o}_{0.5} {T i}_{0.5} O_{2}$	Aqueous dispersion	$χ^{(3)} (e s u) = 1.10 \times 10^{- 12}$	This work
		$n_{2} = - 1.24 \times 10^{- 15} {c m}^{2} / W$

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Applied Optics