Improved spherical mirror multipass-cell-based interband cascade laser spectrometer for detecting ambient formaldehyde at parts per trillion by volume levels

Bo Fang; Nana Yang; Weixiong Zhao; Chunhui Wang; Weijun Zhang; Wei Song; Dean S. Venables; Weidong Chen

doi:10.1364/AO.58.008743

Applied Optics
Vol. 58,
Issue 32,
pp. 8743-8750
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.008743

Improved spherical mirror multipass-cell-based interband cascade laser spectrometer for detecting ambient formaldehyde at parts per trillion by volume levels

Bo Fang, Nana Yang, Weixiong Zhao, Chunhui Wang, Weijun Zhang, Wei Song, Dean S. Venables, and Weidong Chen

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Bo Fang, Nana Yang, Weixiong Zhao, Chunhui Wang, Weijun Zhang, Wei Song, Dean S. Venables, and Weidong Chen, "Improved spherical mirror multipass-cell-based interband cascade laser spectrometer for detecting ambient formaldehyde at parts per trillion by volume levels," Appl. Opt. 58, 8743-8750 (2019)

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- Optical Devices, Sensors, and Detectors
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 2, 2019
- Revised Manuscript: October 1, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: October 10, 2019
- Published: November 6, 2019

Abstract

We report the development of an improved spherical mirror multipass-cell-based interband cascade laser (ICL) spectrometer for ambient formaldehyde (HCHO) detection. The multipass cell consists of two easily manufactured spherical mirrors that are low cost, and have a simple structure, large mirror area utilization, and dense spot pattern. Optical interference caused by the multipath cell was largely reduced, resulting in good sensitivity. Using wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS), a detection precision (${1} \sigma $) of 51 pptv in 10 s was achieved with an absorption pathlength of 96 m, which compared favorably with the performance of other state-of-the-art instruments. The precision can be further improved by using a long absorption pathlength configuration and by removing fringe-like optical noise caused by the collimation lens. Ambient application of the developed spectrometer was demonstrated.

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	Methods	Detection Precision (pptv)	Reference
Solution-phase chemical techniques	Hantzsch	25 (60 s)	[15]
Solution-phase chemical techniques	HPLC	20 (1–2 h)	[15]
Mass spectrometry	PTR-MS	100 (1 s)	[17]
Optical spectroscopic techniques	LIF	17 (1 s)	[20]
	DOAS	200 (100 s)^a	[15]
	IBBCEAS	210 (30 s)^b	[28]
	Mode-locked CEAS	100 (60 s)^c	[29]
	Optical-feedback CEAS	5 (10 s)^d	[32]
	TDLAS	40 (1 s)^e	[51]

Light source	Absorption Line Used for Detection ( ${c m}^{- 1}$ )^a	Type of Multipass Cell	Pathlength (m)	Reported Detection Precision ( $1 σ$ )	Reference
Lead-salt diode laser	1740	White cell	33.5	250 pptv (3 min)	[33]
	NA	White cell	27	110 pptv (3 s)	[34]
	2831.64	Astigmatic Herriott cell	100	31 pptv (25 s)	[35,36]
	1760.90	White cell	64	102.4 pptv	[37]
	2831.64	Herriott cell	100	20 pptv (120–360 s)	[38]
	2912.09	White cell	112.3	44 pptv (60 s)	[39]
DFG	2861.72	Multipass cell^b	18.3	30 ppbv	[41]
	2831.64	Herriott cell	100	400 pptv (52 s)	[12]
	2833.19	Multipass cell^b	36.2	8 ppbv (20 s)	[42]
	2831.64	Astigmatic Herriott cell	100	320 pptv (20 s)	[43]
	2831.64	Herriott cell	100	251 pptv (25 s)	44
	2831.64	Astigmatic Herriott cell	100	20 pptv (30 s)	[45–50]
	2831.64	Improved Herriot cell	89.6	40 pptv (1 s)	[51]
QCL	1765	Multiple pass cell^b	76	150 pptv (60 s)	[52]
	1759.72	Double corner cube White cell	64	500 pptv (2 s)	[53]
	1765	Astigmatic Herriott cell	200	32 pptv (1 s)	[54,55]
	1759.73	Astigmatic Herriott cell	36	2.5 ppbv (1 s)	[56]
ICL	2781	Spherical multipass cell	54.6	69 pptv (90 s)	[57]
	2778.48	Spherical multipass cell	36	3 ppb (1 s)	[58,59]
	2979.66	Compact multi-pass cell	9.8	73 ppbv (1 s)	[61]
	2831.64	Spherical multipass cell	96	51 pptv (10 s)	This work

	Methods	Detection Precision (pptv)	Reference
Solution-phase chemical techniques	Hantzsch	25 (60 s)	[15]
Solution-phase chemical techniques	HPLC	20 (1–2 h)	[15]
Mass spectrometry	PTR-MS	100 (1 s)	[17]
Optical spectroscopic techniques	LIF	17 (1 s)	[20]
	DOAS	200 (100 s)^a	[15]
	IBBCEAS	210 (30 s)^b	[28]
	Mode-locked CEAS	100 (60 s)^c	[29]
	Optical-feedback CEAS	5 (10 s)^d	[32]
	TDLAS	40 (1 s)^e	[51]

Light source	Absorption Line Used for Detection ( ${c m}^{- 1}$ )^a	Type of Multipass Cell	Pathlength (m)	Reported Detection Precision ( $1 σ$ )	Reference
Lead-salt diode laser	1740	White cell	33.5	250 pptv (3 min)	[33]
	NA	White cell	27	110 pptv (3 s)	[34]
	2831.64	Astigmatic Herriott cell	100	31 pptv (25 s)	[35,36]
	1760.90	White cell	64	102.4 pptv	[37]
	2831.64	Herriott cell	100	20 pptv (120–360 s)	[38]
	2912.09	White cell	112.3	44 pptv (60 s)	[39]
DFG	2861.72	Multipass cell^b	18.3	30 ppbv	[41]
	2831.64	Herriott cell	100	400 pptv (52 s)	[12]
	2833.19	Multipass cell^b	36.2	8 ppbv (20 s)	[42]
	2831.64	Astigmatic Herriott cell	100	320 pptv (20 s)	[43]
	2831.64	Herriott cell	100	251 pptv (25 s)	44
	2831.64	Astigmatic Herriott cell	100	20 pptv (30 s)	[45–50]
	2831.64	Improved Herriot cell	89.6	40 pptv (1 s)	[51]
QCL	1765	Multiple pass cell^b	76	150 pptv (60 s)	[52]
	1759.72	Double corner cube White cell	64	500 pptv (2 s)	[53]
	1765	Astigmatic Herriott cell	200	32 pptv (1 s)	[54,55]
	1759.73	Astigmatic Herriott cell	36	2.5 ppbv (1 s)	[56]
ICL	2781	Spherical multipass cell	54.6	69 pptv (90 s)	[57]
	2778.48	Spherical multipass cell	36	3 ppb (1 s)	[58,59]
	2979.66	Compact multi-pass cell	9.8	73 ppbv (1 s)	[61]
	2831.64	Spherical multipass cell	96	51 pptv (10 s)	This work

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Applied Optics