Table 1.
Passing Beam Requirements for Light Intensity Values at
Each Measurement Point in Four Segments
Tabled Requirements Expressed in
cd | Position Deg | Passing Beam |
Horizontal | Vertical | Class C | Class V | Class E | Class W |
No | Element | at/from | to | at | min | max | min | max | min | max | min | max |
1 | B50L | L 3.43 | | U 0.57 |
| 350 | 50 | 350 | 50 |
| 50 | 625 |
2 | HV | V | | H |
| 625 | 50 | 625 | 50 | | 50 | |
3 | BR | R 2.5 | | U 1 |
| 1750 | 50 | 880 | 50 | 1750 | 50 | 2650 |
4 | segment BRR | R 8 | R 20 | U 0.57 |
| 3550 | | 880 | | 3550 | | 5300 |
5 | segment BLL | L 8 | L 20 | U 0.57 |
| 625 | | 880 | | 880 | | 880 |
6 | P | L 7 | | H | 63 | | | | | | 63 | |
7 | Zone III (as specified by Table 3 of this
annex) | | | | | 625 | | 625 | | 880 | | 880 |
8a |
| | | U 4 |
| | | |
| |
| |
9a |
| | | U 2 |
| | | |
| |
| |
10 | 50R | R 1.72 | | D 0.86 | | | 5100 | | | | | |
11 | 75R | R 1.15 | | D 0.57 | 10100 | | | | 15,200 | | 20,300 | |
12 | 50 V | V | | D 0.86 | 5100 | | 5100 | | 10,100 | | 10,100 | |
13 | 50L | L 3.43 | | D 0.86 | 3550 |
| 3550 |
| 6800 | | 6800 |
|
14 | 25LL | L 16 | | D 1.72 | 1180 | | 845 | | 1180 | | 3400 | |
15 | 25RR | R 11 | | D 1.72 | 1180 | | 845 | | 1180 | | 3400 | |
16 | segment 20 and below it | L 3.5 | V | D 2 | | | | | | | |
|
17 | segment 10 and below it | L 4.5 | R 2.0 | D 4 | |
| |
| |
| |
|
18 |
| | | | 16,900 | 44,100 | 8400 | 44,100 | 16,900 |
| 29,530 |
|
Table 2.
Maximum Light Intensity Value Requirements and Cutoff Line
Position of Passing Beam in Four Segments
Angular Position/Extend in Deg | Class C Passing Beam | Class V Passing Beam | Class E Passing Beam | Class W Passing Beam |
No | Beam Part Designation and Requirement | Horizontal | Vertical | Horizontal | Vertical | Horizontal | Vertical | Horizontal | Vertical |
2.1 | Emax shall not be positioned outside of the
rectangle extending (above “segment
Emax”) | 0.5 L to 3 R | 0.3 D to 1.72 D | | 0.3 D to 1.72 D | 0.5 L to 3 R | 0.5 D to 1.72 D | 0.5 L to 3 R | 0.3 D to 1.72 D |
2.2 | The
“cutoff” and part(s) of shall: (a)
Comply with the requirements of paragraph 1 of
Annex 8 to this regulation |
| (b) Be positioned with its
“flat horizontal part” | | at
| | not above 0.57 D not below 1.3 D | | not above
not below 0.57 D | | not above 0.23 D not below 0.57 D |
Table 3.
Schematic Diagram of the Light Distribution of the Passing
Beam in Four Segments
Table 4.
Basic Segment Class C (Basic) Cutoff Line Data
Element | Horizontal | Vertical |
P | L 7 | H 0 |
HV | L 0 | H 0 |
75R | R 1.15 | D 0.57 |
Emax | L 0.5–R 3 | D 0.3–D 1.7 |
S10 | L 4.5 | R 2 |
Table 5.
Minimum Photometric Values Required for Each Measurement
Point
Test Point | Angular Coordinates (Deg) | Required Luminous Intensity (cd) |
| | min |
Im | | 40,500 |
H-5L | 0.0, 5.0L | 5100 |
H-2.5L | 0.0, 2.5L | 20,300 |
H-2.5R | 0.0, 2.5R | 20,300 |
H-5R | 0.0, 5.0R | 5100 |
Table 6.
Models and Simulation Results of Reflector Cup Radii:
15 mm, 10 mm, and
5 mm
Table 7.
Curvature Radius Values of the Points on the Reflecting
Surface (Unit, mm)
| No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Upper | 1 | 76 | 119 | 141 | 142 | 142 | 125 | 74 |
2 | 68 | 87 | 93 | 86 | 86 | 81 | 56 |
3 | 48 | 64 | 68 | 64 | 64 | 55 | 44 |
4 | 42 | 46 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 46 | 39 |
5 | 40 | 40 | 45 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 37 |
Lower | 1 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 45 | 41 | 53 | 68 |
2 | 45 | 48 | 46 | 49 | 46 | 54 | 45 |
3 | 50 | 62 | 63 | 57 | 59 | 66 | 52 |
4 | 59 | 82 | 94 | 94 | 109 | 79 | 62 |
5 | 79 | 110 | 130 | 153 | 114 | 100 | 73 |
Table 8.
Class C Measurement Point Luminosity
Area | Parameters | Value (cd) | Rule | Test | Target |
B50L | (−3.43; 0.57)(0.05; 0.05) | 341.526 | B50L (passed) | <= | 350 [350] |
HV | (0; 0) (0.05; 0.05) | 502.373 | HV (passed) | <= | 625 [625] |
BR | (2.5; 1) (0.05; 0.05) | 405.477 | BR (passed) | <= | 1750 [1750] |
BRR | (8; 0.57) (20; 0.57) | 3092.01 | BRR (passed) | <= | 3550 [3550] |
BLL | (−8; 0.57) (−20; 0.57) | 595.791 | BLL (passed) | <= | 625 [625] |
P | (−7; 0) (0.05; 0.05) | 550.286 | P (passed) | <= | 625 [625] |
Zone3 | (−8; 1) (−8; 4) (8; 4) (8; 2) (6;
1.5) (1.5; 1.5) (0; 0) (−4; 0) | 534.65 | 3 (passed) | <= | 625 [625] |
8a | (16; 4) (−16; 4) | 674.368 | 8a (passed) | >= | 190 [190] |
9a | (16; 2) (−16; 2) | 545.446 | 9a (passed) | >= | 375 [375] |
50R | (1.72; −0.86) (0.05; 0.05) | 20642.4 | | | |
75R | (1.15; −0.57) (0.05; 0.05) | 11468.9 | 75R (passed) | >= | 10100 [10100] |
50V | (0; −0.86) (0.05; 0.05) | 9126.6 | 50V (passed) | >= | 5100 [5100] |
50L | (−3.43; −0.86) (0.05; 0.05) | 8291.35 | 50L (passed) | <= | 13200 [13200] |
25LL | (−16; −1.72) (0.05; 0.05) | 5001.82 | 25LL (passed) | >= | 1180 [1180] |
25RR | (11; −1.72) (0.05; 0.05) | 21218.5 | 25RR (passed) | >= | 1180 [1180] |
S20_and_below | (−3.5; −2) (0; −2) | 24552 | | | |
S10_and_below | (−4.5; −4) (2; −4) | 5431.41 | S10 (passed) | <= | 12300 [12300] |
Emax | (1.25; −1.01) (3.5; 1.42) | 37255.5 | E (passed) | <= | 44100 [44100] |
Table 9.
Effect of Angle on the Trace
Table 10.
Height Effect on Brightness
Table 11.
Effect of the Radius of the Lens Bottom on the
Brightness
Table 12.
Dimensional Diving Beam Photometric Values
Area | Shape | Parameters | Magnitude | Measure | Value |
Im | ellipse | (0;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 95446.4 cd |
5L | ellipse | (−5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 8261.57 cd |
2_5L | ellipse | (−2.5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 58855.1 cd |
2_5R | ellipse | (2.5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 59858.4 cd |
5R | ellipse | (5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 8062.23 cd |
Table 13.
Variation Value Analysis of the Reaction Value Im
Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square |
Value |
Value Prob
| |
Model |
| 9 |
| 2354.64 |
|
significant
|
A-X-radius |
| 1 |
| 17,254.90 |
| |
B-Y-radius |
| 1 |
| 121.81 |
| |
D-pitch |
| 1 |
| 3240.42 |
| |
AB | 72,279,753 | 1 | 72,279,753 | 73.23 |
| |
AD |
| 1 |
| 342.47 |
| |
BD | 5,469,752 | 1 | 5,469,752 | 5.54 | 0.0289 | |
A^2 | 73,387,705 | 1 | 73,387,705 | 74.35 |
| |
B^2 | 5,116,484 | 1 | 5,116,484 | 5.18 | 0.0339 | |
D^2 | 16,248,471 | 1 | 16,248,471 | 16.46 | 0.0006 | |
Residual | 19,739,996 | 20 | 986,999.8 | | | |
Lack of fit | 17,730,039 | 15 | 1,182,003 | 2.94 | 0.1194 | not significant |
Pure error | 2,009,957 | 5 | 401,991.4 | | | |
Cor total |
| 29 | | | | |
Table 14.
R-Squared Analysis
Std. Dev. | 993.4786 | R-Squared | 0.9990 |
Mean | 76,604.83 | adj R-squared | 0.9986 |
C.V. % | 1.2969 | pred R-squared | 0.9974 |
PRESS | 53,876,352 | adeq precision | 162.7436 |
Table 15.
Best Experimental Combination
Solutions |
No. |
Radius |
Radius | Thickness | Pitch | Im | 2.5L | 5L | Desirability |
1 | 14.99 | 25.22 | 1.50 | 2.43 | 107,499.83 | 53,776.15 | 6275.32 | 1 |
Selected
|
2 | 14.90 | 21.07 | 1.93 | 2.30 | 107,499.85 | 51,889.19 | 5900.22 | 1 | |
3 | 14.97 | 20.58 | 1.15 | 2.29 | 107,500.14 | 50,983.71 | 5853.13 | 1 | |
4 | 14.60 | 20.66 | 1.15 | 2.25 | 107,499.79 | 52,397.07 | 5880.95 | 1 | |
5 | 14.96 | 24.20 | 1.62 | 2.40 | 107,500.21 | 53,232.71 | 6189.21 | 1 | |
6 | 14.87 | 21.29 | 1.80 | 2.30 | 107,500.11 | 51,693.62 | 5921.12 | 1 | |
7 | 14.34 | 20.59 | 1.48 | 2.22 | 107,500.12 | 52,485.05 | 5936.62 | 1 | |
8 | 14.53 | 20.54 | 1.41 | 2.24 | 107,500.20 | 51,875.40 | 5882.02 | 1 | |
9 | 14.60 | 20.66 | 1.85 | 2.25 | 107,499.79 | 52,295.61 | 5880.95 | 1 | |
10 | 14.96 | 24.44 | 1.67 | 2.40 | 107,500.12 | 53,471.65 | 6208.39 | 1 | |
11 | 14.96 | 20.15 | 1.08 | 2.27 | 107,500.11 | 50,957.99 | 5807.15 | 1 | |
12 | 14.00 | 20.20 | 1.47 | 2.17 | 107,499.99 | 53,229.15 | 6047.80 | 1 | |
13 | 14.73 | 22.77 | 1.41 | 2.33 | 107,499.94 | 52,929.08 | 6057.21 | 1 | |
14 | 14.89 | 24.45 | 1.47 | 2.40 | 107,500.20 | 53,580.36 | 6201.30 | 1 | |
15 | 14.94 | 20.26 | 1.70 | 2.28 | 107,499.93 | 50,299.69 | 5818.40 | 1 | |
16 | 14.91 | 23.80 | 1.20 | 2.38 | 107,499.93 | 53,564.32 | 6151.28 | 1 | |
17 | 14.69 | 21.97 | 1.80 | 2.31 | 107,499.91 | 52,863.04 | 5990.70 | 1 | |
18 | 14.40 | 21.47 | 1.67 | 2.26 | 107,499.79 | 53,114.35 | 5995.48 | 1 | |
19 | 14.97 | 20.76 | 1.61 | 2.30 | 107,500.08 | 50,456.28 | 5871.95 | 1 | |
20 | 14.92 | 23.66 | 1.52 | 2.38 | 107,500.13 | 52,893.79 | 6140.55 | 1 | |
21 | 14.94 | 24.86 | 1.47 | 2.41 | 107,500.09 | 53,701.66 | 6239.66 | 1 | |
22 | 14.03 | 20.52 | 1.60 | 2.19 | 107,500.20 | 53,420.87 | 6058.47 | 1 | |
23 | 15.00 | 20.00 | 1.17 | 2.59 | 95,312.92 | 52,429.91 | 6788.50 | 0.86 | |
24 | 13.90 | 20.01 | 1.96 | 2.09 | 110,384.38 | 53,795.00 | 5919.30 | 0.85 | |
25 | 14.55 | 20.00 | 1.46 | 2.79 | 87,240.64 | 53,795.00 | 7450.12 | 0.77 | |
26 | 14.55 | 20.00 | 1.56 | 2.79 | 87,217.31 | 53,795.00 | 7452.10 | 0.77 | |
Table 16.
Measured Photometric Values of Each Side of Optimized
Single-Sided Driving Beam
Area | Shape | Parameters | Magnitude | Measure | Value |
Center | ellipse | (0;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 107,386 cd |
5L | ellipse | (−5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 6138.39 cd |
2_5L | ellipse | (−2.5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 54,094.2 cd |
2_5R | ellipse | (2.5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 54,360.5 cd |
5R | ellipse | (5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 6928.86 cd |
Table 17.
Photometric Values of Each Measurement Point of the
Bilateral Driving Beam after Optimization
Area | Shape | Parameters | Magnitude | Measure | Value |
Center | Ellipse | (0;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 213,866 cd |
2_5L | Ellipse | (−2.5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 107,497 cd |
5L | Ellipse | (−5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 12,624.5 cd |
5R | Ellipse | (5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 12,521 cd |
2_5R | Ellipse | (2.5;0)(0.05;0.05) | luminous intensity | average | 105,835 cd |