Kayaking paddle blade compression load distribution sensing system based on optical fiber with a polydimethylsiloxane membrane

Luo Niu; Li Han Chen; Zhi Qiang Tou; Cheryl Sihui Tay; Yun Feng Lin; Pui Wah Kong; Fook Rhu Ong; Chi Chiu Chan

doi:10.1364/AO.57.001387

Applied Optics
Vol. 57,
Issue 6,
pp. 1387-1392
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.001387

Kayaking paddle blade compression load distribution sensing system based on optical fiber with a polydimethylsiloxane membrane

Luo Niu, Li Han Chen, Zhi Qiang Tou, Cheryl Sihui Tay, Yun Feng Lin, Pui Wah Kong, Fook Rhu Ong, and Chi Chiu Chan

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Luo Niu, Li Han Chen, Zhi Qiang Tou, Cheryl Sihui Tay, Yun Feng Lin, Pui Wah Kong, Fook Rhu Ong, and Chi Chiu Chan, "Kayaking paddle blade compression load distribution sensing system based on optical fiber with a polydimethylsiloxane membrane," Appl. Opt. 57, 1387-1392 (2018)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 9, 2017
- Revised Manuscript: November 22, 2017
- Manuscript Accepted: January 14, 2018
- Published: February 15, 2018

Abstract

This paper proposed a novel real-time compression load measurement system for a kayaking paddle based on optical fiber technology. The optical fiber sensor, fiber Bragg grating, is embedded in a 2 mm polydimethylsiloxane membrane, which serves as a pressure mat that can be easily attached/detached to/from the kayaking paddle. The proposed system is proposed for measuring and evaluating both handgrip loading and paddle blade load distribution during on-water kayaking, e.g., peak compression load distribution pattern and duration of the paddle blade in real time. Both indoor prototype experiment results and on-water experimental data on an expert paddler were presented to demonstrate the application potential of the proposed system.

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	Young’s Modulus (Pa)	Possion’s Ratio
Blade (Carbon Fiber)	$15 \times 10^{10}$	0.25
PDMS	$38 \times 10^{3}$	0.49
Sensor Head ( ${SiO}_{2}$ )	$7.5 \times 10^{10}$	0.17

Thickness of PDMS	1.6 mm	2 mm	2.4 mm	5 mm	10 mm
Max. strain for structure (mm/mm)	5.4381	5.6849	7.3437	6.5657	6.3252
Min. strain for structure (mm/mm)	$2.4659 \times 10^{- 13}$	$1.378 \times 10^{- 11}$	$2.4248 \times 10^{- 21}$	$4.7647 \times 10^{- 22}$	$2.0228 \times 10^{- 21}$
Max. strain for sensor head (mm/mm)	$3.1243 \times 10^{- 10}$	$3.4456 \times 10^{- 7}$	$1.9856 \times 10^{- 14}$	$1.8259 \times 10^{- 14}$	$2.2613 \times 10^{- 14}$
Min. strain for sensor head (mm/mm)	$2.4659 \times 10^{- 13}$	$1.378 \times 10^{- 11}$	$2.4248 \times 10^{- 21}$	$4.7647 \times 10^{- 22}$	$2.0228 \times 10^{- 21}$

	Young’s Modulus (Pa)	Possion’s Ratio
Blade (Carbon Fiber)	$15 \times 10^{10}$	0.25
PDMS	$38 \times 10^{3}$	0.49
Sensor Head ( ${SiO}_{2}$ )	$7.5 \times 10^{10}$	0.17

Thickness of PDMS	1.6 mm	2 mm	2.4 mm	5 mm	10 mm
Max. strain for structure (mm/mm)	5.4381	5.6849	7.3437	6.5657	6.3252
Min. strain for structure (mm/mm)	$2.4659 \times 10^{- 13}$	$1.378 \times 10^{- 11}$	$2.4248 \times 10^{- 21}$	$4.7647 \times 10^{- 22}$	$2.0228 \times 10^{- 21}$
Max. strain for sensor head (mm/mm)	$3.1243 \times 10^{- 10}$	$3.4456 \times 10^{- 7}$	$1.9856 \times 10^{- 14}$	$1.8259 \times 10^{- 14}$	$2.2613 \times 10^{- 14}$
Min. strain for sensor head (mm/mm)	$2.4659 \times 10^{- 13}$	$1.378 \times 10^{- 11}$	$2.4248 \times 10^{- 21}$	$4.7647 \times 10^{- 22}$	$2.0228 \times 10^{- 21}$

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Applied Optics