Determination of the refractive indices of ionic liquids by ellipsometry, and their application as immersion liquids

Xia Wu; Maren Muntzeck; Teresa de los Arcos; Guido Grundmeier; René Wilhelm; Thorsten Wagner

doi:10.1364/AO.57.009215

Applied Optics
Vol. 57,
Issue 31,
pp. 9215-9222
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.009215

Determination of the refractive indices of ionic liquids by ellipsometry, and their application as immersion liquids

Xia Wu, Maren Muntzeck, Teresa de los Arcos, Guido Grundmeier, René Wilhelm, and Thorsten Wagner

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Xia Wu, Maren Muntzeck, Teresa de los Arcos, Guido Grundmeier, René Wilhelm, and Thorsten Wagner, "Determination of the refractive indices of ionic liquids by ellipsometry, and their application as immersion liquids," Appl. Opt. 57, 9215-9222 (2018)

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Abstract

In principle, ionic liquids (ILs) can serve as stable and less harmful high-refractive-index liquids ( $n > 1.60$ ). However, detailed information on their complex refractive indices and dispersions is rare. Therefore, we determined the optical constants of six commercially available low-index ILs ( $n$ ca. 1.4) and two high-index ILs ( $n$ max. 2.38) synthesized by us utilizing spectroscopic ellipsometry. Furthermore, we tested the ILs as immersion liquids for different photonic crystals. Analysis of the optical properties of these photonic crystals after infiltration demonstrates potential applications of ILs in optofluidics and as index-matching liquids.

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Supplementary Material (6)

Name	Description
Data File 1	Dispersion of the refractive indices of six low index ionic liquids.
Data File 2	Dispersion of the refractive indices of [EMIM][BrI2] measured at three different temperatures.
Data File 3	Dispersion of the refractive index of [EMIM][I5] at 20°C.
Data File 4	Dispersion of the refractive indices of [EMIM][BrI2] measured at different angles of incidence at 20°C.
Visualization 1	Infiltration process of ionic liquid [BMIM][BF4] into a PMMA opal photonic crystal.
Visualization 2	infiltration process of ionic liquid [EMIM][BrI2] into a In2O3 inverse opal photonic crystal

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Ionic Liquid Names	$n_{D}$ this Study	$n_{D}$ from Literature
[BMIM][ ${PF}_{6}$ ]	$1.409 \pm 0.009$	1.4084 [17]
[BMIM][ ${BF}_{4}$ ]	$1.419 \pm 0.009$	1.4219 [17]
[BMIM][ ${NTf}_{2}$ ]	$1.427 \pm 0.009$	1.4265 [17]
[BMIM][Triflate]	$1.438 \pm 0.009$	1.4376 [17]
[THTDP][ ${NTf}_{2}$ ]	$1.452 \pm 0.009$	1.449 [18]
[THTDP][Cl]	$1.477 \pm 0.009$	1.482 [18]

Ionic Liquid Names	A	B	C ( ${μm}^{- 2}$ )	Adjusted R-squared
[BMIM][ ${PF}_{6}$ ]	$1.6858 \pm 0.0298$	$0.2723 \pm 0.0290$	$0.0314 \pm 0.0026$	0.9988
[BMIM][ ${BF}_{4}$ ]	$1.6015 \pm 0.0612$	$0.3817 \pm 0.0606$	$0.0262 \pm 0.0034$	0.9982
[BMIM][ ${NTf}_{2}$ ]	$1.7831 \pm 0.0312$	$0.2239 \pm 0.0305$	$0.0392 \pm 0.0039$	0.9969
[BMIM][Triflate]	$1.4960 \pm 0.0970$	$0.5374 \pm 0.0965$	$0.0206 \pm 0.0032$	0.9986
[THTDP][ ${NTf}_{2}$ ]	$1.5107 \pm 0.1151$	$0.5653 \pm 0.1146$	$0.0186 \pm 0.0033$	0.9986
[THTDP][Cl]	$1.7624 \pm 0.0448$	$0.3853 \pm 0.0443$	$0.0294 \pm 0.0027$	0.9988

Ionic Liquid Names	$n$ this Study	$n$ from Literature
[EMIM][ ${BrI}_{2}$ ]	$1.737 \pm 0.012$	1.833 [17]
[EMIM][ $I_{5}$ ]	$2.011 \pm 0.015$	2.23 [17]

Ionic Liquid Names	$n_{D}$ this Study	$n_{D}$ from Literature
[BMIM][ ${PF}_{6}$ ]	$1.409 \pm 0.009$	1.4084 [17]
[BMIM][ ${BF}_{4}$ ]	$1.419 \pm 0.009$	1.4219 [17]
[BMIM][ ${NTf}_{2}$ ]	$1.427 \pm 0.009$	1.4265 [17]
[BMIM][Triflate]	$1.438 \pm 0.009$	1.4376 [17]
[THTDP][ ${NTf}_{2}$ ]	$1.452 \pm 0.009$	1.449 [18]
[THTDP][Cl]	$1.477 \pm 0.009$	1.482 [18]

Ionic Liquid Names	A	B	C ( ${μm}^{- 2}$ )	Adjusted R-squared
[BMIM][ ${PF}_{6}$ ]	$1.6858 \pm 0.0298$	$0.2723 \pm 0.0290$	$0.0314 \pm 0.0026$	0.9988
[BMIM][ ${BF}_{4}$ ]	$1.6015 \pm 0.0612$	$0.3817 \pm 0.0606$	$0.0262 \pm 0.0034$	0.9982
[BMIM][ ${NTf}_{2}$ ]	$1.7831 \pm 0.0312$	$0.2239 \pm 0.0305$	$0.0392 \pm 0.0039$	0.9969
[BMIM][Triflate]	$1.4960 \pm 0.0970$	$0.5374 \pm 0.0965$	$0.0206 \pm 0.0032$	0.9986
[THTDP][ ${NTf}_{2}$ ]	$1.5107 \pm 0.1151$	$0.5653 \pm 0.1146$	$0.0186 \pm 0.0033$	0.9986
[THTDP][Cl]	$1.7624 \pm 0.0448$	$0.3853 \pm 0.0443$	$0.0294 \pm 0.0027$	0.9988

Abstract

Supplementary Material (6)

Cited By

Figures (5)

Tables (3)

Equations (3)

Applied Optics