Comparison of low cost 3D structured light scanners for face modeling

Tolga Bakirman; Mustafa Umit Gumusay; Hatice Catal Reis; Mahmut Oguz Selbesoglu; Serra Yosmaoglu; Mehmet Cem Yaras; Dursun Zafer Seker; Bulent Bayram

doi:10.1364/AO.56.000985

Applied Optics
Vol. 56,
Issue 4,
pp. 985-992
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.000985

Comparison of low cost 3D structured light scanners for face modeling

Tolga Bakirman, Mustafa Umit Gumusay, Hatice Catal Reis, Mahmut Oguz Selbesoglu, Serra Yosmaoglu, Mehmet Cem Yaras, Dursun Zafer Seker, and Bulent Bayram

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Tolga Bakirman, Mustafa Umit Gumusay, Hatice Catal Reis, Mahmut Oguz Selbesoglu, Serra Yosmaoglu, Mehmet Cem Yaras, Dursun Zafer Seker, and Bulent Bayram, "Comparison of low cost 3D structured light scanners for face modeling," Appl. Opt. 56, 985-992 (2017)

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Abstract

This study aims to compare three different structured light scanner systems to generate accurate 3D human face models. Among these systems, the most dense and expensive one was denoted as the reference and the other two that were low cost and low resolution were compared according to the reference system. One female face and one male face were scanned with three light scanner systems. Point-cloud filtering, mesh generation, and hole-filling steps were carried out using a trial version of commercial software; moreover, the data evaluation process was realized using CloudCompare open-source software. Various filtering and mesh smoothing levels were applied on reference data to compare with other low-cost systems. Thus, the optimum reduction level of reference data was evaluated to continue further processes. The outcome of the presented study shows that low-cost structured light scanners have a great potential for 3D object modeling, including the human face. A considerable cheap structured light system has been used due to its capacity to obtain spatial and morphological information in the case study of 3D human face modeling. This study also discusses the benefits and accuracy of low-cost structured light systems.

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	20% Filtering
	${\| S Max \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Med \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Min \|}_{mm}$
Curved	0.0301	0.0247	0.0179
Flat	0.0324	0.0266	0.0186
Tangent	0.0315	0.0266	0.0192
	30% Filtering
	${\| S Max \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Med \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Min \|}_{mm}$
Curved	0.0321	0.0249	0.0176
Flat	0.0344	0.0275	0.0183
Tangent	0.033	0.0261	0.0188
	40% Filtering
	${\| S Max \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Med \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Min \|}_{mm}$
Curved	0.0328	0.0255	0.0186
Flat	0.033	0.0256	0.0196
Tangent	0.0321	0.0278	0.0209

	20% Filtering
	${\| S Max \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Med \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Min \|}_{mm}$
Curved	0.0307	0.0224	0.0109
Flat	0.0305	0.0221	0.0104
Tangent	0.03	0.0219	0.0111
	30% Filtering
	${\| S Max \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Med \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Min \|}_{mm}$
Curved	0.0307	0.0228	0.0108
Flat	0.031	0.0226	0.0104
Tangent	0.03	0.0222	0.01
	40% Filtering
	${\| S Max \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Med \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Min \|}_{mm}$
Curved	0.0315	0.0255	0.0126
Flat	0.0325	0.0262	0.0129
Tangent	0.0313	0.0254	0.0125

	Male		Female
	RMS (mm)	Number of Points	RMS (mm)	Number of Points
System B to A	0.23	37,276	0.22	36,926
System C to A	0.60	39,231	0.68	41,793

Model	Hole-Filling Method	Raw Data
Model	Hole-Filling Method	${\| S Max \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Med \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Min \|}_{mm}$
Male	Curved	0.4033	0.4021	0.4054
	Flat	0.4023	0.4045	0.4036
	Tangent	0.3991	0.4002	0.4029
Female	Curved	0.4611	0.4508	0.4444
	Flat	0.4395	0.4444	0.4487
	Tangent	0.4358	0.4361	0.4472

Model	Hole-Filling Method	Raw Data
Model	Hole-Filling Method	${\| S Max \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Med \|}_{mm}$	${\| S Min \|}_{mm}$
Male	Curved	0.8133	0.7952	0.7781
Male	Flat	0.8108	0.7983	0.7649
	Tangent	0.7941	0.7906	0.7649
Female	Curved	1.0709	1.0352	0.8559
Female	Flat	0.9779	0.8898	0.7990
	Tangent	1.0034	0.9787	0.8153

		Count of Raw Mesh Triangles	File Size [*.stl] (mb)
Male Data	System A raw	464,148	23.3
Male Data	System A reduced	293,907	14
Female Data	System A raw	299,526	14.2
Female Data	System A reduced	208,200	9.92

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Applied Optics