Toward a unified model for predicting color quality of light sources

Fuzheng Zhang; Haisong Xu; Heng Feng

doi:10.1364/AO.56.008186

Applied Optics
Vol. 56,
Issue 29,
pp. 8186-8195
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.008186

Toward a unified model for predicting color quality of light sources

Fuzheng Zhang, Haisong Xu, and Heng Feng

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Fuzheng Zhang, Haisong Xu, and Heng Feng, "Toward a unified model for predicting color quality of light sources," Appl. Opt. 56, 8186-8195 (2017)

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Abstract

Considering that the existing color quality (CQ) metrics for light sources cannot correlate well with the subjective evaluation, in an immersive environment equipped with a multichannel LED light source, a psychophysical experiment by categorical judgment method was carried out to assess the three perception-related CQ attributes of light sources in terms of naturalness, colorfulness, and preference. The experiment collected the subjective responses to these attributes of up to 41 metameric spectra at each of four test correlated color temperatures (CCTs) ranging from 2800 to 6500 K, which covers the usual white-light range for general lighting. The results indicate that preference exhibits relatively high correlation with naturalness and colorfulness, and naturalness is weakly related to colorfulness. Besides, 20 typical CQ metrics were adopted to examine their validity in characterizing the subjective data, confirming their limited performance. Meanwhile, the underlying relationship of these metrics and the subjective data was also analyzed by the multidimensional scaling, revealing that almost all metrics can correspond to one attribute of naturalness, colorfulness, and preference, and that the saturation level is identified as a critical factor affecting these attributes. Based on these results, a unified CQ model was developed with a multiple nonlinear regression equation combining the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America color rendition method. The model accords satisfactorily with the subjective evaluation, while being applicable to a wide range of CCTs.

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Supplementary Material (3)

Name	Description
Data File 1	The data and detailed colorimetric properties of the test spectral power distributions.
Data File 2	The spectral reflectance data of the selected object colors.
Data File 3	The resulting normalized interval scale values of naturalness, colorfulness, and preference at the four correlated color temperatures.

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	CCT/K	Naturalness	Colorfulness	Preference
Inter-	2800	29.3	17.8	25.7
	4000	27.9	15.9	24.6
	5000	28.8	15.0	25.2
	6500	28.1	18.4	25.2
Intra-	6500	32.4	17.5	26.4

	Naturalness	Colorfulness	Preference
Naturalness	1.000
Colorfulness	0.230 (0.003)	1.000
Preference	0.842 (0.000)	0.637 (0.000)	1.000

	IES $R_{f}$	$R_{g}$	$R_{cs, h 1}$	$R_{a}$	CIE $R_{f}$	$Q_{a}$	$Q_{f}$	$Q_{p}$	$Q_{g}$	$R_{a, 02}$
Naturalness	${0.750}^{*}$	${0.408}^{*}$	−0.036	${0.659}^{*}$	${0.746}^{*}$	${0.752}^{*}$	${0.644}^{*}$	${0.669}^{*}$	${0.253}^{*}$	${0.724}^{*}$
Colorfulness	−0.078	${0.735}^{*}$	${0.919}^{*}$	$- {0.289}^{*}$	−0.079	0.011	$- {0.266}^{*}$	${0.686}^{*}$	${0.859}^{*}$	−0.160
Preference	${0.534}^{*}$	${0.651}^{*}$	${0.388}^{*}$	${0.369}^{*}$	${0.531}^{*}$	${0.573}^{*}$	${0.369}^{*}$	${0.811}^{*}$	${0.573}^{*}$	${0.476}^{*}$
	$R_{a, 12}$	RCRI	FCI	FCI02	FI	CPI	$R_{m}$	GAI	CDI	CSA
Naturalness	${0.779}^{*}$	${0.615}^{*}$	0.170	0.180	${0.744}^{*}$	${0.545}^{*}$	${0.547}^{*}$	0.091	0.091	0.038
Colorfulness	0.062	$- {0.242}^{*}$	${0.910}^{*}$	${0.938}^{*}$	0.109	${0.787}^{*}$	${0.621}^{*}$	${0.380}^{*}$	${0.380}^{*}$	0.180
Preference	${0.622}^{*}$	${0.351}^{*}$	${0.571}^{*}$	${0.582}^{*}$	${0.626}^{*}$	${0.787}^{*}$	${0.692}^{*}$	0.177	0.177	0.037

$Q_{i, 0}$	$C_{0}$	$C_{f}$	$C_{g}$	$C_{s}$	$C_{g s}$
$Q_{Nat, 0}$	−182.635	1.333	1.428	4.146	−0.045
$Q_{Col, 0}$	−35.868	0.373	0.613	4.153	−0.025
$Q_{Pre, 0}$	−162.537	1.085	1.459	5.402	−0.051

CCT/K	Naturalness	Colorfulness	Preference
2800	27.1	10.5	17.9
4000	22.1	12.9	19.4
5000	18.7	12.3	17.6
6500	26.9	18.2	26.6

CCT/K	Naturalness	Colorfulness	Preference
2800	(−0.077, 0.152)	(0.001, 0.050)	(0.005, 0.185)
4000	(−0.010, 0.151)	(−0.007, 0.050)	(−0.011, 0.155)
5000	(0.009, 0.191)	(−0.001, 0.061)	(−0.030, 0.105)
6500	(−0.055, 0.210)	(−0.027, 0.034)	(−0.161, −0.017)

CCT/K	Naturalness	Colorfulness	Preference
2800	27.6	10.4	17.1
4000	22.7	13.0	20.0
5000	19.4	12.6	18.6
6500	27.8	18.5	27.1

CCT/K	Naturalness	Colorfulness	Preference
2800	1.032	0.984	0.916
4000	1.060	1.023	1.066
5000	1.077	1.049	1.111
6500	1.066	1.036	1.038

CCT/K	Naturalness	Colorfulness	Preference
2800	29.4	12.2	31.7
4000	19.6	11.9	17.8
5000	18.1	15.2	14.5
6500	22.6	20.8	22.8

Abstract

Supplementary Material (3)

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Applied Optics