On-chip splicer for coupling light between photonic crystal and solid-core fibers

Rubayet Al Maruf; Michal Bajcsy

doi:10.1364/AO.56.004680

Abstract

We present a lithographically defined, ultra-high vacuum (UHV) compatible on-chip structure acting as a mechanical splicer that allows efficient injection of light from a conventional solid-core (SC) fiber to a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) and vice versa. We report the observed coupling efficiencies for an assortment of solid-core fibers and a HCPCF with maximum efficiency between solid-core fiber and HCPCF of 93%.

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References

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Publication

J. H. Chong, M. Rao, Y. Zhu, and P. Shum, “An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber using CO2 laser,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 942–944 (2003).
[Crossref]
A. D. Yablon and R. Bise, “Low-loss high-strength microstructured fiber fusion splices using grin fiber lenses,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (Optical Society of America, 2004), p. MF14.
R. Thapa, K. Knabe, K. Corwin, and B. Washburn, “Arc fusion splicing of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers for gas-filled fiber cells,” Opt. Express 14, 9576–9583 (2006).
[Crossref]
L. Xiao, M. Demokan, W. Jin, Y. Wang, and C.-L. Zhao, “Fusion splicing photonic crystal fibers and conventional single-mode fibers: microhole collapse effect,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3563–3574 (2007).
[Crossref]
M. Tse, H. Tam, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, C. Lu, and P. Wai, “Fusion splicing holey fibers and single-mode fibers: a simple method to reduce loss and increase strength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 164–166 (2009).
[Crossref]
T. Zhu, F. Xiao, L. Xu, M. Liu, M. Deng, and K. S. Chiang, “Pressure-assisted low-loss fusion splicing between photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 20, 24465–24471 (2012).
[Crossref]
V. Parmar, R. Bhatnagar, and P. Kapur, “Optimized butt coupling between single mode fiber and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 19, 490–494 (2013).
[Crossref]
D. Hunger, T. Steinmetz, Y. Colombe, C. Deutsch, T. W. Hänsch, and J. Reichel, “A fiber Fabry–Perot cavity with high finesse,” New J. Phys. 12, 065038 (2010).
[Crossref]
X. Liu, K.-H. Brenner, M. Wilzbach, M. Schwarz, T. Fernholz, and J. Schmiedmayer, “Fabrication of alignment structures for a fiber resonator by use of deep-ultraviolet lithography,” Appl. Opt. 44, 6857–6860 (2005).
[Crossref]
W.-J. Kang, E. Rabe, S. Kopetz, and A. Neyer, “Novel exposure methods based on reflection and refraction effects in the field of SU-8 lithography,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 16, 821–831 (2006).
[Crossref]
R. Feng and R. Farris, “The characterization of thermal and elastic constants for an epoxy photoresist SU8 coating,” J. Mater. Sci. 37, 4793–4799 (2002).
[Crossref]
H. Kogelnik, “Coupling and conversion coefficients for optical modes,” in Symposium in Quasi Optics (Polytechnic, 1964), pp. 333–347.
Thorlabs, “Hollow core photonic crystal fibers,” https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=912 .
H. Schmidt and A. R. Hawkins, “The photonic integration of non-solid media using optofluidics,” Nat. Photonics 5, 598–604 (2011).
[Crossref]
X. Fan and I. M. White, “Optofluidic microsystems for chemical and biological analysis,” Nat. Photonics 5, 591–597 (2011).
[Crossref]

2013 (1)

V. Parmar, R. Bhatnagar, and P. Kapur, “Optimized butt coupling between single mode fiber and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 19, 490–494 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (1)

T. Zhu, F. Xiao, L. Xu, M. Liu, M. Deng, and K. S. Chiang, “Pressure-assisted low-loss fusion splicing between photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 20, 24465–24471 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

H. Schmidt and A. R. Hawkins, “The photonic integration of non-solid media using optofluidics,” Nat. Photonics 5, 598–604 (2011).
[Crossref]

X. Fan and I. M. White, “Optofluidic microsystems for chemical and biological analysis,” Nat. Photonics 5, 591–597 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (1)

D. Hunger, T. Steinmetz, Y. Colombe, C. Deutsch, T. W. Hänsch, and J. Reichel, “A fiber Fabry–Perot cavity with high finesse,” New J. Phys. 12, 065038 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (1)

M. Tse, H. Tam, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, C. Lu, and P. Wai, “Fusion splicing holey fibers and single-mode fibers: a simple method to reduce loss and increase strength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 164–166 (2009).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

L. Xiao, M. Demokan, W. Jin, Y. Wang, and C.-L. Zhao, “Fusion splicing photonic crystal fibers and conventional single-mode fibers: microhole collapse effect,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3563–3574 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (2)

W.-J. Kang, E. Rabe, S. Kopetz, and A. Neyer, “Novel exposure methods based on reflection and refraction effects in the field of SU-8 lithography,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 16, 821–831 (2006).
[Crossref]

R. Thapa, K. Knabe, K. Corwin, and B. Washburn, “Arc fusion splicing of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers for gas-filled fiber cells,” Opt. Express 14, 9576–9583 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

X. Liu, K.-H. Brenner, M. Wilzbach, M. Schwarz, T. Fernholz, and J. Schmiedmayer, “Fabrication of alignment structures for a fiber resonator by use of deep-ultraviolet lithography,” Appl. Opt. 44, 6857–6860 (2005).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

J. H. Chong, M. Rao, Y. Zhu, and P. Shum, “An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber using CO2 laser,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 942–944 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

R. Feng and R. Farris, “The characterization of thermal and elastic constants for an epoxy photoresist SU8 coating,” J. Mater. Sci. 37, 4793–4799 (2002).
[Crossref]

Bhatnagar, R.

V. Parmar, R. Bhatnagar, and P. Kapur, “Optimized butt coupling between single mode fiber and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 19, 490–494 (2013).
[Crossref]

Bise, R.

A. D. Yablon and R. Bise, “Low-loss high-strength microstructured fiber fusion splices using grin fiber lenses,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (Optical Society of America, 2004), p. MF14.

Brenner, K.-H.

X. Liu, K.-H. Brenner, M. Wilzbach, M. Schwarz, T. Fernholz, and J. Schmiedmayer, “Fabrication of alignment structures for a fiber resonator by use of deep-ultraviolet lithography,” Appl. Opt. 44, 6857–6860 (2005).
[Crossref]

Chiang, K. S.

T. Zhu, F. Xiao, L. Xu, M. Liu, M. Deng, and K. S. Chiang, “Pressure-assisted low-loss fusion splicing between photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 20, 24465–24471 (2012).
[Crossref]

Chong, J. H.

J. H. Chong, M. Rao, Y. Zhu, and P. Shum, “An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber using CO2 laser,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 942–944 (2003).
[Crossref]

Colombe, Y.

D. Hunger, T. Steinmetz, Y. Colombe, C. Deutsch, T. W. Hänsch, and J. Reichel, “A fiber Fabry–Perot cavity with high finesse,” New J. Phys. 12, 065038 (2010).
[Crossref]

Deutsch, C.

D. Hunger, T. Steinmetz, Y. Colombe, C. Deutsch, T. W. Hänsch, and J. Reichel, “A fiber Fabry–Perot cavity with high finesse,” New J. Phys. 12, 065038 (2010).
[Crossref]

Dong, L.

M. Tse, H. Tam, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, C. Lu, and P. Wai, “Fusion splicing holey fibers and single-mode fibers: a simple method to reduce loss and increase strength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 164–166 (2009).
[Crossref]

Fan, X.

X. Fan and I. M. White, “Optofluidic microsystems for chemical and biological analysis,” Nat. Photonics 5, 591–597 (2011).
[Crossref]

Farris, R.

R. Feng and R. Farris, “The characterization of thermal and elastic constants for an epoxy photoresist SU8 coating,” J. Mater. Sci. 37, 4793–4799 (2002).
[Crossref]

Feng, R.

R. Feng and R. Farris, “The characterization of thermal and elastic constants for an epoxy photoresist SU8 coating,” J. Mater. Sci. 37, 4793–4799 (2002).
[Crossref]

Fernholz, T.

X. Liu, K.-H. Brenner, M. Wilzbach, M. Schwarz, T. Fernholz, and J. Schmiedmayer, “Fabrication of alignment structures for a fiber resonator by use of deep-ultraviolet lithography,” Appl. Opt. 44, 6857–6860 (2005).
[Crossref]

Fu, L.

M. Tse, H. Tam, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, C. Lu, and P. Wai, “Fusion splicing holey fibers and single-mode fibers: a simple method to reduce loss and increase strength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 164–166 (2009).
[Crossref]

Hänsch, T. W.

D. Hunger, T. Steinmetz, Y. Colombe, C. Deutsch, T. W. Hänsch, and J. Reichel, “A fiber Fabry–Perot cavity with high finesse,” New J. Phys. 12, 065038 (2010).
[Crossref]

Hawkins, A. R.

H. Schmidt and A. R. Hawkins, “The photonic integration of non-solid media using optofluidics,” Nat. Photonics 5, 598–604 (2011).
[Crossref]

Hunger, D.

D. Hunger, T. Steinmetz, Y. Colombe, C. Deutsch, T. W. Hänsch, and J. Reichel, “A fiber Fabry–Perot cavity with high finesse,” New J. Phys. 12, 065038 (2010).
[Crossref]

Jin, W.

L. Xiao, M. Demokan, W. Jin, Y. Wang, and C.-L. Zhao, “Fusion splicing photonic crystal fibers and conventional single-mode fibers: microhole collapse effect,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3563–3574 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kang, W.-J.

W.-J. Kang, E. Rabe, S. Kopetz, and A. Neyer, “Novel exposure methods based on reflection and refraction effects in the field of SU-8 lithography,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 16, 821–831 (2006).
[Crossref]

Kapur, P.

V. Parmar, R. Bhatnagar, and P. Kapur, “Optimized butt coupling between single mode fiber and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 19, 490–494 (2013).
[Crossref]

Knabe, K.

R. Thapa, K. Knabe, K. Corwin, and B. Washburn, “Arc fusion splicing of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers for gas-filled fiber cells,” Opt. Express 14, 9576–9583 (2006).
[Crossref]

Kogelnik, H.

H. Kogelnik, “Coupling and conversion coefficients for optical modes,” in Symposium in Quasi Optics (Polytechnic, 1964), pp. 333–347.

Kopetz, S.

W.-J. Kang, E. Rabe, S. Kopetz, and A. Neyer, “Novel exposure methods based on reflection and refraction effects in the field of SU-8 lithography,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 16, 821–831 (2006).
[Crossref]

Liu, M.

T. Zhu, F. Xiao, L. Xu, M. Liu, M. Deng, and K. S. Chiang, “Pressure-assisted low-loss fusion splicing between photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 20, 24465–24471 (2012).
[Crossref]

Liu, X.

X. Liu, K.-H. Brenner, M. Wilzbach, M. Schwarz, T. Fernholz, and J. Schmiedmayer, “Fabrication of alignment structures for a fiber resonator by use of deep-ultraviolet lithography,” Appl. Opt. 44, 6857–6860 (2005).
[Crossref]

Lu, C.

M. Tse, H. Tam, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, C. Lu, and P. Wai, “Fusion splicing holey fibers and single-mode fibers: a simple method to reduce loss and increase strength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 164–166 (2009).
[Crossref]

Neyer, A.

W.-J. Kang, E. Rabe, S. Kopetz, and A. Neyer, “Novel exposure methods based on reflection and refraction effects in the field of SU-8 lithography,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 16, 821–831 (2006).
[Crossref]

Parmar, V.

V. Parmar, R. Bhatnagar, and P. Kapur, “Optimized butt coupling between single mode fiber and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 19, 490–494 (2013).
[Crossref]

Rabe, E.

W.-J. Kang, E. Rabe, S. Kopetz, and A. Neyer, “Novel exposure methods based on reflection and refraction effects in the field of SU-8 lithography,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 16, 821–831 (2006).
[Crossref]

Rao, M.

J. H. Chong, M. Rao, Y. Zhu, and P. Shum, “An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber using CO2 laser,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 942–944 (2003).
[Crossref]

Reichel, J.

D. Hunger, T. Steinmetz, Y. Colombe, C. Deutsch, T. W. Hänsch, and J. Reichel, “A fiber Fabry–Perot cavity with high finesse,” New J. Phys. 12, 065038 (2010).
[Crossref]

Schmidt, H.

H. Schmidt and A. R. Hawkins, “The photonic integration of non-solid media using optofluidics,” Nat. Photonics 5, 598–604 (2011).
[Crossref]

Schmiedmayer, J.

X. Liu, K.-H. Brenner, M. Wilzbach, M. Schwarz, T. Fernholz, and J. Schmiedmayer, “Fabrication of alignment structures for a fiber resonator by use of deep-ultraviolet lithography,” Appl. Opt. 44, 6857–6860 (2005).
[Crossref]

Schwarz, M.

X. Liu, K.-H. Brenner, M. Wilzbach, M. Schwarz, T. Fernholz, and J. Schmiedmayer, “Fabrication of alignment structures for a fiber resonator by use of deep-ultraviolet lithography,” Appl. Opt. 44, 6857–6860 (2005).
[Crossref]

Shum, P.

J. H. Chong, M. Rao, Y. Zhu, and P. Shum, “An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber using CO2 laser,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 942–944 (2003).
[Crossref]

Steinmetz, T.

D. Hunger, T. Steinmetz, Y. Colombe, C. Deutsch, T. W. Hänsch, and J. Reichel, “A fiber Fabry–Perot cavity with high finesse,” New J. Phys. 12, 065038 (2010).
[Crossref]

Tam, H.

M. Tse, H. Tam, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, C. Lu, and P. Wai, “Fusion splicing holey fibers and single-mode fibers: a simple method to reduce loss and increase strength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 164–166 (2009).
[Crossref]

Thapa, R.

R. Thapa, K. Knabe, K. Corwin, and B. Washburn, “Arc fusion splicing of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers for gas-filled fiber cells,” Opt. Express 14, 9576–9583 (2006).
[Crossref]

Thomas, B.

M. Tse, H. Tam, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, C. Lu, and P. Wai, “Fusion splicing holey fibers and single-mode fibers: a simple method to reduce loss and increase strength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 164–166 (2009).
[Crossref]

Tse, M.

M. Tse, H. Tam, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, C. Lu, and P. Wai, “Fusion splicing holey fibers and single-mode fibers: a simple method to reduce loss and increase strength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 164–166 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wai, P.

M. Tse, H. Tam, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, C. Lu, and P. Wai, “Fusion splicing holey fibers and single-mode fibers: a simple method to reduce loss and increase strength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 164–166 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wang, Y.

L. Xiao, M. Demokan, W. Jin, Y. Wang, and C.-L. Zhao, “Fusion splicing photonic crystal fibers and conventional single-mode fibers: microhole collapse effect,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3563–3574 (2007).
[Crossref]

Washburn, B.

R. Thapa, K. Knabe, K. Corwin, and B. Washburn, “Arc fusion splicing of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers for gas-filled fiber cells,” Opt. Express 14, 9576–9583 (2006).
[Crossref]

White, I. M.

X. Fan and I. M. White, “Optofluidic microsystems for chemical and biological analysis,” Nat. Photonics 5, 591–597 (2011).
[Crossref]

Wilzbach, M.

X. Liu, K.-H. Brenner, M. Wilzbach, M. Schwarz, T. Fernholz, and J. Schmiedmayer, “Fabrication of alignment structures for a fiber resonator by use of deep-ultraviolet lithography,” Appl. Opt. 44, 6857–6860 (2005).
[Crossref]

Xiao, F.

T. Zhu, F. Xiao, L. Xu, M. Liu, M. Deng, and K. S. Chiang, “Pressure-assisted low-loss fusion splicing between photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 20, 24465–24471 (2012).
[Crossref]

Xiao, L.

L. Xiao, M. Demokan, W. Jin, Y. Wang, and C.-L. Zhao, “Fusion splicing photonic crystal fibers and conventional single-mode fibers: microhole collapse effect,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3563–3574 (2007).
[Crossref]

Xu, L.

T. Zhu, F. Xiao, L. Xu, M. Liu, M. Deng, and K. S. Chiang, “Pressure-assisted low-loss fusion splicing between photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 20, 24465–24471 (2012).
[Crossref]

Yablon, A. D.

A. D. Yablon and R. Bise, “Low-loss high-strength microstructured fiber fusion splices using grin fiber lenses,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (Optical Society of America, 2004), p. MF14.

Zhao, C.-L.

L. Xiao, M. Demokan, W. Jin, Y. Wang, and C.-L. Zhao, “Fusion splicing photonic crystal fibers and conventional single-mode fibers: microhole collapse effect,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3563–3574 (2007).
[Crossref]

Zhu, T.

T. Zhu, F. Xiao, L. Xu, M. Liu, M. Deng, and K. S. Chiang, “Pressure-assisted low-loss fusion splicing between photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 20, 24465–24471 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zhu, Y.

J. H. Chong, M. Rao, Y. Zhu, and P. Shum, “An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber using CO2 laser,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 942–944 (2003).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)

X. Liu, K.-H. Brenner, M. Wilzbach, M. Schwarz, T. Fernholz, and J. Schmiedmayer, “Fabrication of alignment structures for a fiber resonator by use of deep-ultraviolet lithography,” Appl. Opt. 44, 6857–6860 (2005).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (2)

J. H. Chong, M. Rao, Y. Zhu, and P. Shum, “An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber using CO2 laser,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 942–944 (2003).
[Crossref]

M. Tse, H. Tam, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, C. Lu, and P. Wai, “Fusion splicing holey fibers and single-mode fibers: a simple method to reduce loss and increase strength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 164–166 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

L. Xiao, M. Demokan, W. Jin, Y. Wang, and C.-L. Zhao, “Fusion splicing photonic crystal fibers and conventional single-mode fibers: microhole collapse effect,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3563–3574 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Mater. Sci. (1)

R. Feng and R. Farris, “The characterization of thermal and elastic constants for an epoxy photoresist SU8 coating,” J. Mater. Sci. 37, 4793–4799 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Micromech. Microeng. (1)

W.-J. Kang, E. Rabe, S. Kopetz, and A. Neyer, “Novel exposure methods based on reflection and refraction effects in the field of SU-8 lithography,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 16, 821–831 (2006).
[Crossref]

Nat. Photonics (2)

H. Schmidt and A. R. Hawkins, “The photonic integration of non-solid media using optofluidics,” Nat. Photonics 5, 598–604 (2011).
[Crossref]

X. Fan and I. M. White, “Optofluidic microsystems for chemical and biological analysis,” Nat. Photonics 5, 591–597 (2011).
[Crossref]

New J. Phys. (1)

D. Hunger, T. Steinmetz, Y. Colombe, C. Deutsch, T. W. Hänsch, and J. Reichel, “A fiber Fabry–Perot cavity with high finesse,” New J. Phys. 12, 065038 (2010).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (2)

R. Thapa, K. Knabe, K. Corwin, and B. Washburn, “Arc fusion splicing of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers for gas-filled fiber cells,” Opt. Express 14, 9576–9583 (2006).
[Crossref]

T. Zhu, F. Xiao, L. Xu, M. Liu, M. Deng, and K. S. Chiang, “Pressure-assisted low-loss fusion splicing between photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 20, 24465–24471 (2012).
[Crossref]

Opt. Fiber Technol. (1)

V. Parmar, R. Bhatnagar, and P. Kapur, “Optimized butt coupling between single mode fiber and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 19, 490–494 (2013).
[Crossref]

Other (3)

A. D. Yablon and R. Bise, “Low-loss high-strength microstructured fiber fusion splices using grin fiber lenses,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (Optical Society of America, 2004), p. MF14.

H. Kogelnik, “Coupling and conversion coefficients for optical modes,” in Symposium in Quasi Optics (Polytechnic, 1964), pp. 333–347.

Thorlabs, “Hollow core photonic crystal fibers,” https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=912 .

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Fig. 1. Fiber alignment structure (a) geometry of the clamping structure design; (b) top view; (c) cross section; and (d) side view: different diameter fibers vertically aligned to have the same optical axis.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2. (Top left) Photomask channel width needed for a 125 μm diameter fiber as a function of undercut angle (

θ

) and height (

h

) of the SU-8 structure (from Eq. 1). The target width was selected at

θ = 10 °

and

h = 90 μm

. (Top right) Maximum fiber diameter that can be accommodated with the selected channel width by adjusting the wall angle and resist thickness. The shaded region shows the values needed for a 125 μm diameter fiber. (Bottom) Similar calculation shown for 130 μm diameter fiber.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3. Fabrication process flow for on-chip fiber splicer.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 4. (Top) Experimental setup for on-chip fiber splicer efficiency measurement. (Bottom) Optical microscope images of SMF–SMF and HCPCF–SMF coupling, and cross sectional view of a HCPCF mounted on the chip.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 5. Coupling efficiency measurement results for SMF to SMF, MMF, and HCPCF. Core diameter and mode field diameter (MFD) from the datasheet of the fibers are shown in the table. Each red circle with an error bar (most of them are very small) is a measured value averaged over 60,000 samples.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 6. Coupling efficiency measurement results for HCPCF to SMF and MMF. The inset shows the imperfection in cleaving the hollow-core fiber that results in lower coupling efficiency.

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Fig. 7. Coupling efficiency measurement summary.

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Tables (1)

Table 1. Measured Butt Coupling Efficiency ( $η$ ) and Loss in the Fiber Joint

View Table

Equations (3)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

w = \sqrt{{(\frac{2 h - d}{\cos θ} - d \tan θ)}^{2} + 4 h (d - h)} .

η = \frac{4 w_{1}^{2} w_{2}^{2}}{{(w_{1}^{2} + w_{2}^{2})}^{2} + {[\frac{λ z_{w}}{π n_{i}}]}^{2}} \exp [- \frac{2 w_{1} w_{2}}{w_{1}^{2} + w_{2}^{2}} (\frac{s^{2}}{w_{1} w_{2}} + \frac{θ^{2}}{θ_{d 1} θ_{d 2}})],

{Loss}_{splice} = {Loss}_{measured} - | 10 \log [\frac{4 w_{1}^{2} w_{2}^{2}}{{(w_{1}^{2} + w_{2}^{2})}^{2}} \times {(1 - R)}^{n}] |,

		SM800	780HP	PM780HP	GIF625	HC800B
PM780HP	$η$ (%)	93	93	94 ^a	90	90
	Total loss (dB)	0.32	0.32	0.27	0.46	0.46
	Splice loss ^b (dB)	0.01	0.009	^a	0.17	0.31
HC800B	$η$ (%)	–	71	80	93	70
	Total loss (dB)	–	1.49	0.97	0.32	1.55
	Splice loss ^b (dB)	–	1.3	0.82	0.17	1.5

Abstract

References

2013 (1)

2012 (1)

2011 (2)

2010 (1)

2009 (1)

2007 (1)

2006 (2)

2005 (1)

2003 (1)

2002 (1)

Bhatnagar, R.

Bise, R.

Brenner, K.-H.

Chiang, K. S.

Chong, J. H.

Colombe, Y.

Corwin, K.

Demokan, M.

Deng, M.

Deutsch, C.

Dong, L.

Fan, X.

Farris, R.

Feng, R.

Fernholz, T.

Fu, L.

Hänsch, T. W.

Hawkins, A. R.

Hunger, D.

Jin, W.

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