Mid-infrared emission and Raman spectra analysis of Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped oxyfluorotellurite glasses

Fangze Chen; Shaoqiong Xu; Tao Wei; Fengchao Wang; Muzhi Cai; Ying Tian; Shiqing Xu

doi:10.1364/AO.54.003345

Applied Optics
Vol. 54,
Issue 11,
pp. 3345-3352
(2015)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.003345

Mid-infrared emission and Raman spectra analysis of Er³⁺-doped oxyfluorotellurite glasses

Fangze Chen, Shaoqiong Xu, Tao Wei, Fengchao Wang, Muzhi Cai, Ying Tian, and Shiqing Xu

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Fangze Chen, Shaoqiong Xu, Tao Wei, Fengchao Wang, Muzhi Cai, Ying Tian, and Shiqing Xu, "Mid-infrared emission and Raman spectra analysis of Er³⁺-doped oxyfluorotellurite glasses," Appl. Opt. 54, 3345-3352 (2015)

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Abstract

This paper reports on the spectroscopic and structural properties in ${Er}^{3 +}$ -doped oxyfluorotellurite glasses. The compositional variation accounts for the evolutions of Raman spectra, Judd–Ofelt parameters, radiative properties, and fluorescent emission. It is found that, when maximum phonon energy changes slightly, phonon density plays a crucial role in quenching the 2.7 μm emission generated by the ${Er}^{3 +} ∶ {}^{4}{I_{11 / 2}} \to {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$ transition. The comparative low phonon density contributes strong 2.7 μm emission intensity. The high branching ratio (18.63%) and large emission cross section ( $0.95 \times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2}$ ) demonstrate that oxyfluorotellurite glass contained with 50 mol.% ${TeO}_{2}$ has potential application in the mid-infrared region laser.

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Properties	70TF-1Er	60TF-1Er	50TF-1Er
Density, $d$ $(g \cdot {cm}^{- 3})$	4.943	4.941	4.920
Average molar weight, $(g \cdot {mol}^{- 1})$	150.2	151.8	153.3
${Er}^{3 +}$ concentration. $C$ $(10^{20} {cm}^{- 3})$	1.981	1.960	1.964
Refractive index, $n$ at 632.8 nm	1.847	1.795	1.751

Glasses	$Ω_{2}$	$Ω_{4}$	$Ω_{6}$	$Ω_{rms} (\times 10^{- 6})$	Reference
70TF-1Er	6.67	2.03	1.04	0.47	This work
60TF-1Er	6.44	1.51	0.99	0.12	This work
50TF-1Er	6.28	2.01	0.89	0.01	This work
TWPF	5.83	1.67	0.87	0.24	[27]
FP	2.77	1.68	1.47	0.17	[28]
Tellurite	6.56	1.73	0.89	0.13	[29]

		70TF-1Er			60TF-1Er			50TF-1Er
Transitions		A $(s^{- 1})$	$β$ (%)	$τ_{rad}$ (ms)	A $(s^{- 1})$	$β$ (%)	$τ_{rad}$ (ms)	A $(s^{- 1})$	$β$ (%)	$τ_{rad}$ (ms)
${}^{4}{I_{13 / 2}}$ →	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}}$	172.5	100	5.80	202.1	100	4.95	175.1	100	5.78
${}^{4}{I_{11 / 2}}$ →	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}}$	175.2	82.31	4.70	209.7	82.5	3.94	171.4	81.37	4.75
→	${}^{4}{I_{13 / 2}}$	37.7	17.69		44.4	17.47		39.23	18.63
${}^{4}{I_{9 / 2}}$ →	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}}$	233.5	79.90	3.42	216.2	76.16	3.52	253.6	81.90	3.23
→	${}^{4}{I_{13 / 2}}$	54.5	18.63		63.0	22.18		51.6	16.65
→	${}^{4}{I_{11 / 2}}$	4.3	1.47		4.7	1.66		4.5	1.45

		70TF		60TF		50TF
Bands	Vibrations	Wc $({cm}^{- 1})$	Area $(10^{6})$	Wc $({cm}^{- 1})$	Area $(10^{6})$	Wc $({cm}^{- 1})$	Area $(10^{6})$
A	Vibrations of ${Te}^{4 +}$ , ${Ba}^{2 +}$ , ${Zn}^{2 +}$ and local structural groups Te-O	127	0.63	128	0.60	129	0.40
B		161	1.06	162	1.01	164	0.67
C		244	2.15	270	2.98	290	2.19
D	Symmetric stretching bending vibrations of Te-O-Te linkages	446	5.86	466	4.34	477	2.04
E	Symmetric vibration of ${TeO}_{4}$	689	3.06	692	2.99	697	2.21
F	Stretching vibrations of Te-O in ${TeO}_{3 + 1}$ and ${TeO}_{3}$	795	7.32	792	7.56	790	5.18

Properties	70TF-1Er	60TF-1Er	50TF-1Er
Density, $d$ $(g \cdot {cm}^{- 3})$	4.943	4.941	4.920
Average molar weight, $(g \cdot {mol}^{- 1})$	150.2	151.8	153.3
${Er}^{3 +}$ concentration. $C$ $(10^{20} {cm}^{- 3})$	1.981	1.960	1.964
Refractive index, $n$ at 632.8 nm	1.847	1.795	1.751

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Applied Optics