Simple analytical model for low-frequency frequency-modulation noise of monolithic tunable lasers

Tam N. Huynh; Seán P. Ó Dúill; Lim Nguyen; Leslie A. Rusch; Liam P. Barry

doi:10.1364/AO.53.000830

Simple analytical model for low-frequency frequency-modulation noise of monolithic tunable lasers

Tam N. Huynh, Seán P. Ó Dúill, Lim Nguyen, Leslie A. Rusch, and Liam P. Barry

Applied Optics
Vol. 53,
Issue 5,
pp. 830-835
(2014)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.53.000830

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Tam N. Huynh, Seán P. Ó Dúill, Lim Nguyen, Leslie A. Rusch, and Liam P. Barry, "Simple analytical model for low-frequency frequency-modulation noise of monolithic tunable lasers," Appl. Opt. 53, 830-835 (2014)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Coherent communications (060.1660)
- Phase measurement (120.5050)
- Lasers, tunable (140.3600)
- Fluctuations, relaxations, and noise (270.2500)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 16, 2013
- Manuscript Accepted: December 23, 2013
- Published: February 5, 2014

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Abstract

We employ simple analytical models to construct the entire frequency-modulation (FM)-noise spectrum of tunable semiconductor lasers. Many contributions to the laser FM noise can be clearly identified from the FM-noise spectrum, such as standard Weiner FM noise incorporating laser relaxation oscillation, excess FM noise due to thermal fluctuations, and carrier-induced refractive index fluctuations from stochastic carrier generation in the passive tuning sections. The contribution of the latter effect is identified by noting a correlation between part of the FM-noise spectrum with the FM-modulation response of the passive sections. We pay particular attention to the case of widely tunable lasers with three independent tuning sections, mainly the sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector laser, and compare with that of a distributed feedback laser. The theoretical model is confirmed with experimental measurements, with the calculations of the important phase-error variance demonstrating excellent agreement.

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Point	$I_{front}$ (mA)	$I_{gain}$ (mA)	$I_{phase}$ (mA)	$I_{back}$ (mA)	Wavelength (nm)	$Δ ν$ (MHz)
A	OFF	120	OFF	OFF	1548.70	5.3
B	2	120	OFF	2.53	1552.61	21.9
C	1	120	8.7	4.83	1553.66	24.7

Point	$b_{1} Mrad / s$	$a_{1} Hz \sqrt{Hz}$	$b_{2} Mrad / s$	$a_{2} Hz \sqrt{Hz}$	$b_{3} Mrad / s$	$a_{3} Hz \sqrt{Hz}$
A	$2 π \times 70$	$3 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 30$	$2 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 10$	$1 \times 10^{11}$
B	$2 π \times 100$	$6 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 50$	$5 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 30$	$4 \times 10^{11}$
C	$2 π \times 150$	$7 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 60$	$6 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 30$	$5 \times 10^{11}$

Point	$I_{front}$ (mA)	$I_{gain}$ (mA)	$I_{phase}$ (mA)	$I_{back}$ (mA)	Wavelength (nm)	$Δ ν$ (MHz)
A	OFF	120	OFF	OFF	1548.70	5.3
B	2	120	OFF	2.53	1552.61	21.9
C	1	120	8.7	4.83	1553.66	24.7

Point	$b_{1} Mrad / s$	$a_{1} Hz \sqrt{Hz}$	$b_{2} Mrad / s$	$a_{2} Hz \sqrt{Hz}$	$b_{3} Mrad / s$	$a_{3} Hz \sqrt{Hz}$
A	$2 π \times 70$	$3 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 30$	$2 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 10$	$1 \times 10^{11}$
B	$2 π \times 100$	$6 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 50$	$5 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 30$	$4 \times 10^{11}$
C	$2 π \times 150$	$7 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 60$	$6 \times 10^{11}$	$2 π \times 30$	$5 \times 10^{11}$

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