Characterization of fine resolution field spectrometers using solar Fraunhofer lines and atmospheric absorption features

Michele Meroni; Lorenzo Busetto; Luis Guanter; Sergio Cogliati; Giovanni Franco Crosta; Mirco Migliavacca; Cinzia Panigada; Micol Rossini; Roberto Colombo

doi:10.1364/AO.49.002858

Characterization of fine resolution field spectrometers using solar Fraunhofer lines and atmospheric absorption features

Michele Meroni, Lorenzo Busetto, Luis Guanter, Sergio Cogliati, Giovanni Franco Crosta, Mirco Migliavacca, Cinzia Panigada, Micol Rossini, and Roberto Colombo

Applied Optics
Vol. 49,
Issue 15,
pp. 2858-2871
(2010)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.49.002858

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Michele Meroni, Lorenzo Busetto, Luis Guanter, Sergio Cogliati, Giovanni Franco Crosta, Mirco Migliavacca, Cinzia Panigada, Micol Rossini, and Roberto Colombo, "Characterization of fine resolution field spectrometers using solar Fraunhofer lines and atmospheric absorption features," Appl. Opt. 49, 2858-2871 (2010)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Optical instruments (120.4640)
- Spectrometers and spectroscopic instrumentation (120.6200)
- Remote sensing and sensors (280.0280)
- Spectroscopy (300.0300)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: February 25, 2010
- Revised Manuscript: April 2, 2010
- Manuscript Accepted: April 2, 2010
- Published: May 14, 2010

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Abstract

The accurate spectral characterization of high-resolution spectrometers is required for correctly computing, interpreting, and comparing radiance and reflectance spectra acquired at different times or by different instruments. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for the spectral characterization of field spectrometer data using sharp atmospheric or solar absorption features present in the measured data. The algorithm retrieves systematic shifts in channel position and actual full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the instrument by comparing data acquired during standard field spectroscopy measurement operations with a reference irradiance spectrum modeled with the MODTRAN4 radiative transfer code. Measurements from four different field spectrometers with spectral resolutions ranging from 0.05 to $3.5 nm$ are processed and the results validated against laboratory calibration. An accurate retrieval of channel position and FWHM has been achieved, with an average error smaller than the instrument spectral sampling interval.

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Window	Element	Origin (Solar/Terrestrial)	Wavelength (nm)			Width (nm)	Window Range (nm)
1	Fe, $Ca +$	S	382.05	393.37	396.84	0.24	1.46	1.35	382	397
2	$H δ$	S	410.16			0.28			410	410.3
3	Fe and Ca, $H γ$ , Fe	S	430.8	434.06	438.34	0.98	0.51	0.30	430	438
4	$H β$ , Fe	S	486.13	495.75		0.29	0.16		486	496
5	Mg, Fe	S	516.73	517.27	518.37	0.36	0.24	0.24	516	518
6	Na	S	589.01	589.6		0.20	0.19		589	590
7	Hα	S	656.29			0.33			656.1	656.5
8	$O_{2} (- B)$	T	686.85			1.54			686	688
9	Water vapor	T	716	735		contiguous features $\sim 0.5 nm$			716	735
10	$O_{2} (- A)$	T	760.41			2.80			759	770
11	$O_{2} (- Z)$ , Water vapor	T	809.5	822.85	840.5	$O_{2} : 1.3 nm$ ; WV^b: $\sim 0.5 nm$			809	841
12	Ca II	S	849.82	854.25	866.24	0.38	0.56	0.48	849	866
13	Water vapor	T	925	980		contiguous features $\sim 0.5 nm$			925	980

Spectrometer	Range (nm)	SSI (nm)	Nominal FWHM (nm)	Date of Factory Calibration (dd/mm/yy)	Location and Date of Measurememts (Location, dd/mm/yy)
1. OceanOptics HR4000	200–1100	0.25	0.51	16/5/2006	Alpine grassland, 08/09/2009
2. OceanOptics HR4000 ultrafine-res.	717–804	0.02	0.05	16/5/2006	Alpine grassland, 08/09/2009
3. ASD HandHeld HH Pro	325–1075	1	3.5	13/6/2005	Po River plain, 10/08/2009
4. ASD FieldSpec FS FR Pro	350–1000	1	3	15/2/2007	Po River plain, 10/08/2009

	SS				FWHM
Spectrometer	λ (nm)	$C_{r}$ (nm)	$C_{ratio}$ (nm)	Lab. Cal (nm)	Lamp Emissions λ (nm)	${C_{r}}^{*}$ (nm)	${C_{ratio}}^{*}$ (nm)	Lab. Cal (nm)
1	389	1.65	1.65	1.68
	410	1.74	1.65	1.68
	434	1.52	1.54	1.56	435.83	1.05	0.99	1.02
	490.5	1.28	1.23	1.44
	517	1.22	1.24	1.44	546.07	1.01	1.02	0.92
	589	1.25	1.24	1.20
	656	1.20	1.17	1.20
	687	1.18	1.18	1.20	696.54	0.97	0.96	0.94
	725	1.26	1.13	1.20	727.29	1.03	0.99	0.94
	764.5	1.16	1.19	1.20	763.51	1.03	1.07	1.01
	824.5	1.27	1.19	1.44	794.82	1.03	1.02	1.02
	857.5	1.42	1.4	1.44	852.14	1.05	1.09	1.07
	952	1.69	1.72	1.68	912.3	1.08	0.98	0.82
Bias (nm)		$- 0.04$	$- 0.06$			0.06	0.05
RMSE (nm)		0.1	0.11			0.1	0.07
2	730	0.30	0.29	0.24	727.29	0.20	0.21	0.22
2	764.5	0.23	0.24	0.18	763.51	0.12	0.10	0.14
Bias (nm)		0.05	0.06			$- 0.02$	$- 0.02$
RMSE (nm)		0.06	0.06			0.02	0.02
3	389	$- 1.48$	$- 1.11$	$- 1.36$
	410	$- 1.55$	$- 1.73$	$- 1.30$
	434	$- 1.17$	$- 1.22$	$- 1.20$	435.83	9.70	9.71	8.41
	490.5	$- 1.01$	$- 1.13$	$- 0.92$
	517	0.06	$- 0.76$	$- 0.70$	546.07	5.40	6.16	5.99
	589	$- 0.98$	$- 0.82$	$- 0.13$
	656	$- 0.11$	0.67	0.40
	687	0.99	0.69	0.60	696.54	3.87	4.05	4.26
	725	0.98	0.90	0.82	727.29	3.85	3.56	3.52
	764.5	1.16	1.07	0.94	763.51	3.62	3.61	4.44
	824.5	1.17	1.09	0.92	794.82	3.72	3.7	4.75
	857.5	1.02	1.04	0.77	852.14	4.78	4.67	4.64
	952	$- 0.18$	$- 0.22$	0.30	912.30	6.44	6.40	7.40
Bias (nm)		$- 0.02$	$- 0.05$			$- 0.25$	$- 0.19$
RMSE (nm)		0.41	0.31			0.79	0.75
4	389	$- 1.50$	$- 1.55$	$- 1.90$
	410	$- 2.39$	$- 1.30$	$- 1.66$
	434	$- 1.56$	$- 1.51$	$- 1.41$	435.83	8.12	7.50	8.66
	490.5	$- 1.47$	$- 1.66$	$- 0.92$
	517	$- 0.68$	$- 0.99$	$- 0.72$	546.07	4.43	5.46	5.25
	589	$- 0.79$	$- 0.90$	$- 0.30$
	656	0.04	0.16	$- 0.02$
	687	0.56	0.55	0.09	696.54	3.19	3.36	3.33
	725	0.53	0.51	0.21	727.29	2.94	3.04	3.23
	764.5	0.68	0.67	0.32	763.51	2.86	2.97	2.9
	824.5	0.38	0.43	0.50	794.82	2.99	3.00	3.07
	857.5	0.51	0.29	0.61	852.14	3.32	3.09	3.58
	952	1.22	1.02	1.02	912.3	4.39	4.08	5.78
Bias (nm)		$- 0.02$	$- 0.01$			$- 0.44$	$- 0.41$
RMSE (nm)		0.37	0.37			0.62	0.76

Window	Element	Origin (Solar/Terrestrial)	Wavelength (nm)			Width (nm)	Window Range (nm)
1	Fe, $Ca +$	S	382.05	393.37	396.84	0.24	1.46	1.35	382	397
2	$H δ$	S	410.16			0.28			410	410.3
3	Fe and Ca, $H γ$ , Fe	S	430.8	434.06	438.34	0.98	0.51	0.30	430	438
4	$H β$ , Fe	S	486.13	495.75		0.29	0.16		486	496
5	Mg, Fe	S	516.73	517.27	518.37	0.36	0.24	0.24	516	518
6	Na	S	589.01	589.6		0.20	0.19		589	590
7	Hα	S	656.29			0.33			656.1	656.5
8	$O_{2} (- B)$	T	686.85			1.54			686	688
9	Water vapor	T	716	735		contiguous features $\sim 0.5 nm$			716	735
10	$O_{2} (- A)$	T	760.41			2.80			759	770
11	$O_{2} (- Z)$ , Water vapor	T	809.5	822.85	840.5	$O_{2} : 1.3 nm$ ; WV^b: $\sim 0.5 nm$			809	841
12	Ca II	S	849.82	854.25	866.24	0.38	0.56	0.48	849	866
13	Water vapor	T	925	980		contiguous features $\sim 0.5 nm$			925	980

Spectrometer	Range (nm)	SSI (nm)	Nominal FWHM (nm)	Date of Factory Calibration (dd/mm/yy)	Location and Date of Measurememts (Location, dd/mm/yy)
1. OceanOptics HR4000	200–1100	0.25	0.51	16/5/2006	Alpine grassland, 08/09/2009
2. OceanOptics HR4000 ultrafine-res.	717–804	0.02	0.05	16/5/2006	Alpine grassland, 08/09/2009
3. ASD HandHeld HH Pro	325–1075	1	3.5	13/6/2005	Po River plain, 10/08/2009
4. ASD FieldSpec FS FR Pro	350–1000	1	3	15/2/2007	Po River plain, 10/08/2009

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