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Optical waveguides in Nd:GGG crystals produced by H + or C 3 + ion implantation

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Abstract

The optical waveguides in neodymium-doped gadolinium gallium garnet crystal are fabricated, to our knowledge for the first time, by either H+ or C3+ ion implantation. The reconstructed refractive index profiles of the planar waveguides have shown, in both cases, the typical enhanced well+barrier distributions. The two-dimensional modal profiles of the channel waveguides, obtained by using an end-face coupling arrangement, are in good agreement with the simulated modal distributions. After moderate thermal annealing at 200°C, the propagation loss of the H- and C-ion-implanted channel waveguides are reduced down to 1.5 and 1.6dB/cm, respectively, which exhibits acceptable guiding qualities for applications on potential integrated laser generation.

© 2010 Optical Society of America

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