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Optical temperature sensor and thermal expansion measurement using a femtosecond micromachined grating in 6H-SiC

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Abstract

An optical temperature sensor was created using a femtosecond micromachined diffraction grating inside transparent bulk 6H-SiC, and to the best of our knowledge, this is a novel technique of measuring temperature. Other methods of measuring temperature using fiber Bragg gratings have been devised by other groups such as Zhang and Kahrizi [in MEMS, NANO, and Smart Systems (IEEE, 2005)]. This temperature sensor was, to the best of our knowledge, also used for a novel method of measuring the linear and nonlinear coefficients of the thermal expansion of transparent and nontransparent materials by means of the grating first-order diffracted beam. Furthermore the coefficient of thermal expansion of 6H-SiC was measured using this new technique. A He–Ne laser beam was used with the SiC grating to produce a first-order diffracted beam where the change in deflection height was measured as a function of temperature. The grating was micromachined with a 20μm spacing and has dimensions of approximately 500μm×500μm (l×w) and is roughly 0.5μm deep into the 6H-SiC bulk. A minimum temperature of 26.7°C and a maximum temperature of 399°C were measured, which gives a ΔT of 372.3°C. The sensitivity of the technique is ΔT=5°C. A maximum deflection angle of 1.81° was measured in the first-order diffracted beam. The trend of the deflection with increasing temperature is a nonlinear polynomial of the second-order. This optical SiC thermal sensor has many high-temperature electronic applications such as aircraft turbine and gas tank monitoring for commercial and military applications.

© 2008 Optical Society of America

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