Optical closure in a complex coastal environment: particle effects

Grace Chang; Andrew Barnard; J. Ronald V. Zaneveld

doi:10.1364/AO.46.007679

Optical closure in a complex coastal environment: particle effects

Grace Chang, Andrew Barnard, and J. Ronald V. Zaneveld

Applied Optics
Vol. 46,
Issue 31,
pp. 7679-7692
(2007)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.46.007679

Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Grace Chang, Andrew Barnard, and J. Ronald V. Zaneveld, "Optical closure in a complex coastal environment: particle effects," Appl. Opt. 46, 7679-7692 (2007)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Get PDF (3506 KB)
Set citation alerts
Save article

Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Remote Sensing and Sensors
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Oceanic optics (010.4450)
- Remote sensing and sensors (280.0280)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: April 23, 2007
- Revised Manuscript: September 5, 2007
- Manuscript Accepted: September 6, 2007
- Published: October 25, 2007
Virtual Issues
Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics Vol. 2, Iss. 12

Not Accessible

Your account may give you access

Abstract

An optical dataset was collected on a mooring in the Santa Barbara Channel. Radiative transfer modeling and statistical analyses were employed to investigate sources of variability of in situ remote sensing reflectance $[r_{r s} (λ, 4 m)]$ and the f∕Q ratio. It was found that the variability of inherent optical properties and the slope of the particle size distribution (ξ) were strongly related to the variability of $r_{r s} (λ, 4 m)$ . The variability of f∕Q was strongly affected by particle type characteristics. A semianalytical radiative transfer model was applied and effects of variable particle characteristics on optical closure were evaluated. Closure was best achieved in waters composed of a mixture of biogenic and minerogenic particles.

Full Article | PDF Article

OSA Recommended Articles

Effects of bulk particle characteristics on backscattering and optical closure

Grace Chang and Amanda L. Whitmire
Opt. Express 17(4) 2132-2142 (2009)

Absorption correction and phase function shape effects on the closure of apparent optical properties

J. Pitarch, G. Volpe, S. Colella, R. Santoleri, and V. Brando
Appl. Opt. 55(30) 8618-8636 (2016)

Optical assessment of particle size and composition in the Santa Barbara Channel, California

Tihomir Sabinov Kostadinov, David A. Siegel, Stéphane Maritorena, and Nathalie Guillocheau
Appl. Opt. 51(16) 3171-3189 (2012)

References

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Citation lists with outbound citation links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an OSA member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access OSA Member Subscription

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an OSA member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access OSA Member Subscription

Figures (10)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an OSA member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access OSA Member Subscription

Tables (3)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an OSA member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access OSA Member Subscription

Equations (13)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an OSA member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access OSA Member Subscription

Metrics

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article level metrics are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an OSA member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access OSA Member Subscription

Symbol	Units	Definition
$a_{d}$ (λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral detrital absorption coefficient
a _dg(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral detrital plus gelbstoff absorption coefficient
a _g(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral gelbstoff absorption coefficient
a _p(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate absorption coefficient
a _ph(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral phytoplankton absorption coefficient
a _pg(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate plus gelbstoff absorption coefficient
a _t(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral total absorption coefficient
b _bp(λ)∕b _p(λ)		Spectral backscattering ratio
b _bp(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate backscattering coefficient
b _bt(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral total backscattering coefficient
b _p(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate scattering coefficient
b _t(λ) or b	m⁻¹	Spectral total scattering coefficient
c _g(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral gelbstoff attenuation coefficient
c _p(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate attenuation coefficient
c _pg(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate plus gelbstoff attenuation coefficient
c _t(λ) or c(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral total attenuation coefficient
Chl	μg l⁻¹	Chlorophyll concentration
E _d(λ, 0⁺)	W m⁻² nm⁻¹	Spectral downwelling irradiance just above the sea surface
E _d(λ, z)	W m⁻² nm⁻¹	Spectral downwelling irradiance at a depth z
f∕Q or f(λ)∕Q(λ)	sr⁻¹	A parameter that depends on the shape of the upwelling light field and the volume scattering function where Q or Q(λ) is the ratio of irradiance to radiance at the same depth
g ₀ and g ₁	sr⁻¹	g-constants representing the angular dependency of the underwater light field empirically derived by Lee et al. [34]
K _L(λ, z) or K _L	m⁻¹	Spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient for upwelling radiance at a depth z
L _u(λ, z)	W m⁻² nm⁻¹ sr⁻¹	Spectral upwelling radiance at a depth z
L _w(λ)	W m⁻² nm⁻¹ sr⁻¹	Spectral water-leaving radiance
n		Number of data points
n _p		Real part of the index of refraction of particles
r _rs(λ, 4 m) or r _rs(λ)	sr⁻¹	Spectral remote sensing reflectance at a depth z, where z = 4 m
R _rs(λ)	sr⁻¹	Spectral remote sensing reflectance just above the sea surface
z	m	Depth below the sea surface
γ		Slope of the particulate attenuation spectrum
λ	nm	Wavelength of light
ω₀(λ) or ω₀		Ratio of particulate scattering to particulate plus gelbstoff attenuation
ξ		Slope of the particle size distribution

Statistic	Deployment	a _pg(530)	b _p(530)	c _pg(530)	b _bp(532)	$\frac{b_{b p} (532)}{b_{p} (530)}$	ξ	n _p	Chl

Mean	2	0.0732	1.5147	1.5879	0.0141	0.0102	2.4924	1.1157	1.4963
	3	0.1129	0.8313	0.9443	0.0160	0.0191	2.4954	1.1742	2.8725
	4	0.1914	1.7909	1.9824	0.0334	0.0168	2.4986	1.1601	1.4307
	5	0.1247	1.2261	1.3508	0.0209	0.0166	2.4965	1.1607	4.1408
Median	2	0.0695	1.4811	1.5483	0.0093	0.0069	2.4924	1.1013	1.3885
	3	0.1110	0.8150	0.9304	0.0149	0.0184	2.4954	1.1713	2.7237
	4	0.1705	1.0784	1.2463	0.0172	0.0177	2.4986	1.1676	1.1773
	5	0.1243	1.1936	1.3158	0.0192	0.0166	2.4966	1.1621	3.2670
Minimum	2	0.0412	0.3617	0.4127	0.0027	0.0016	2.4732	1.0464	0.2334
	3	0.0653	0.4306	0.5101	0.0079	0.0121	2.4928	1.1366	0.7055
	4	0.0116	0.2140	0.2314	0.0022	0.0027	2.4690	1.0611	0.2093
	5	0.0257	0.2623	0.3075	0.0039	0.0076	2.4884	1.1064	0.5113
Maximum	2	0.2114	4.4790	4.6614	0.0972	0.0624	2.4993	1.3301	4.8419
	3	0.2397	1.5559	1.7449	0.0437	0.0295	2.4970	1.2208	8.7254
	4	0.8708	16.4447	17.1821	0.2052	0.0381	2.5171	1.2533	7.4860
	5	0.3938	2.8819	3.1019	0.0653	0.0476	2.5011	1.2855	27.451
Standard	2	0.0195	0.6393	0.6407	0.0135	0.0090	0.0033	0.0505	0.6491
Deviation	3	0.0243	0.1526	0.1683	0.0048	0.0032	0.0007	0.0154	1.3058
	4	0.1460	2.0650	2.1842	0.0423	0.0059	0.0043	0.0332	1.0832
	5	0.0425	0.3938	0.4278	0.0098	0.0040	0.0018	0.0205	2.9201

IOP	Water Type	412 nm	440 nm	488 nm^b	510 nm	532 nm	555 nm
a _l(λ)	Deployment 2	0.12	0.14	0.23	0.25	0.26	0.22
		−5%	−5%	6%	7%	11%	5%
	Deployment 3	0.32	0.48	0.63	0.61	0.56	0.41
		+18%	+13%	+20%	+19%	+16%	+8%
	Deployment 4	0.69	0.72	0.73	0.74	0.75	0.77
		+3%	+4%	+1%	−9%	−9%	−11%
	Deployment 5	0.05	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
		−0.1%	−10%	−7%	−6%	−4%	−0.1%
	Turbid inorganic	0.10	0.26	0.20	0.23	0.30	0.36
		−39%	−33%	−31%	−29%	−25%	−19%
		40%	35%	34%	32%	28%	23%
	Turbid organic	0.41	0.31	0.29	0.31	0.35	0.31
		+14%	+21%	+26%	+20%	+18%	+12%
		28%	33%	36%	30%	26%	19%
	Turbid mixture	0.78	0.75	0.80	0.75	0.73	0.77
		+0.5%	−1%	+1%	−0.1%	−0.1%	−6%
		17%	20%	22%	21%	21%	14%
	Clear mixture	0.54	0.64	0.70	0.69	0.72	0.73
		+30%	+29%	+28%	+20%	+16%	+7%
		35%	33%	31%	24%	19%	12%
b _bt(λ)	Deployment 2			0.20		0.19
				17%		−3%
	Deployment 3			0.28		0.28
				18%		−13%
	Deployment 4			0.84		0.84
				−31%		−52%
	Deployment 5			0.37		0.12
				−41%		−61%
	Turbid inorganic			0.58		0.50
				+13%		−18%
				29%		32%
	Turbid organic			0.45		0.43
				+40%		+19%
				50%		40%
	Turbid mixture			0.85		0.88
				+37%		+19%
				46%		33%
	Clear mixture			0.61		0.65
				+57%		+31%
				61%		40%

Symbol	Units	Definition
$a_{d}$ (λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral detrital absorption coefficient
a _dg(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral detrital plus gelbstoff absorption coefficient
a _g(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral gelbstoff absorption coefficient
a _p(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate absorption coefficient
a _ph(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral phytoplankton absorption coefficient
a _pg(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate plus gelbstoff absorption coefficient
a _t(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral total absorption coefficient
b _bp(λ)∕b _p(λ)		Spectral backscattering ratio
b _bp(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate backscattering coefficient
b _bt(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral total backscattering coefficient
b _p(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate scattering coefficient
b _t(λ) or b	m⁻¹	Spectral total scattering coefficient
c _g(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral gelbstoff attenuation coefficient
c _p(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate attenuation coefficient
c _pg(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral particulate plus gelbstoff attenuation coefficient
c _t(λ) or c(λ)	m⁻¹	Spectral total attenuation coefficient
Chl	μg l⁻¹	Chlorophyll concentration
E _d(λ, 0⁺)	W m⁻² nm⁻¹	Spectral downwelling irradiance just above the sea surface
E _d(λ, z)	W m⁻² nm⁻¹	Spectral downwelling irradiance at a depth z
f∕Q or f(λ)∕Q(λ)	sr⁻¹	A parameter that depends on the shape of the upwelling light field and the volume scattering function where Q or Q(λ) is the ratio of irradiance to radiance at the same depth
g ₀ and g ₁	sr⁻¹	g-constants representing the angular dependency of the underwater light field empirically derived by Lee et al. [34]
K _L(λ, z) or K _L	m⁻¹	Spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient for upwelling radiance at a depth z
L _u(λ, z)	W m⁻² nm⁻¹ sr⁻¹	Spectral upwelling radiance at a depth z
L _w(λ)	W m⁻² nm⁻¹ sr⁻¹	Spectral water-leaving radiance
n		Number of data points
n _p		Real part of the index of refraction of particles
r _rs(λ, 4 m) or r _rs(λ)	sr⁻¹	Spectral remote sensing reflectance at a depth z, where z = 4 m
R _rs(λ)	sr⁻¹	Spectral remote sensing reflectance just above the sea surface
z	m	Depth below the sea surface
γ		Slope of the particulate attenuation spectrum
λ	nm	Wavelength of light
ω₀(λ) or ω₀		Ratio of particulate scattering to particulate plus gelbstoff attenuation
ξ		Slope of the particle size distribution

Statistic	Deployment	a _pg(530)	b _p(530)	c _pg(530)	b _bp(532)	$\frac{b_{b p} (532)}{b_{p} (530)}$	ξ	n _p	Chl

Mean	2	0.0732	1.5147	1.5879	0.0141	0.0102	2.4924	1.1157	1.4963
	3	0.1129	0.8313	0.9443	0.0160	0.0191	2.4954	1.1742	2.8725
	4	0.1914	1.7909	1.9824	0.0334	0.0168	2.4986	1.1601	1.4307
	5	0.1247	1.2261	1.3508	0.0209	0.0166	2.4965	1.1607	4.1408
Median	2	0.0695	1.4811	1.5483	0.0093	0.0069	2.4924	1.1013	1.3885
	3	0.1110	0.8150	0.9304	0.0149	0.0184	2.4954	1.1713	2.7237
	4	0.1705	1.0784	1.2463	0.0172	0.0177	2.4986	1.1676	1.1773
	5	0.1243	1.1936	1.3158	0.0192	0.0166	2.4966	1.1621	3.2670
Minimum	2	0.0412	0.3617	0.4127	0.0027	0.0016	2.4732	1.0464	0.2334
	3	0.0653	0.4306	0.5101	0.0079	0.0121	2.4928	1.1366	0.7055
	4	0.0116	0.2140	0.2314	0.0022	0.0027	2.4690	1.0611	0.2093
	5	0.0257	0.2623	0.3075	0.0039	0.0076	2.4884	1.1064	0.5113
Maximum	2	0.2114	4.4790	4.6614	0.0972	0.0624	2.4993	1.3301	4.8419
	3	0.2397	1.5559	1.7449	0.0437	0.0295	2.4970	1.2208	8.7254
	4	0.8708	16.4447	17.1821	0.2052	0.0381	2.5171	1.2533	7.4860
	5	0.3938	2.8819	3.1019	0.0653	0.0476	2.5011	1.2855	27.451
Standard	2	0.0195	0.6393	0.6407	0.0135	0.0090	0.0033	0.0505	0.6491
Deviation	3	0.0243	0.1526	0.1683	0.0048	0.0032	0.0007	0.0154	1.3058
	4	0.1460	2.0650	2.1842	0.0423	0.0059	0.0043	0.0332	1.0832
	5	0.0425	0.3938	0.4278	0.0098	0.0040	0.0018	0.0205	2.9201

Abstract

References

Cited By

Figures (10)

Tables (3)

Equations (13)

Metrics

Login or Create Account