System performance evaluation of refractive surgical lasers: a mathematical approach

Guang-ming Dai; Erik Gross; Junzhong Liang

doi:10.1364/AO.45.002124

Applied Optics
Vol. 45,
Issue 9,
pp. 2124-2134
(2006)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.002124

System performance evaluation of refractive surgical lasers: a mathematical approach

Guang-ming Dai, Erik Gross, and Junzhong Liang

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Guang-ming Dai, Erik Gross, and Junzhong Liang, "System performance evaluation of refractive surgical lasers: a mathematical approach," Appl. Opt. 45, 2124-2134 (2006)

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Abstract

A study was conducted for the purpose of improving the designs of the next generation of refractive surgical laser systems. Two common refractive laser systems, variable-spot scanning (type A) and small-spot scanning (type B), are discussed by identifying sources of error that could adversely affect the capability of these lasers to accurately produce complex, customized wavefront guided ablations. A mathematical model was used to construct a laser simulator that models the two common laser systems in terms of the root-mean-square error. Error sources from ablation profile fitting, ablation registration, eye tracking, and the laser delivery system are compared, and the relative contribution of each to the overall system error is analyzed. This system-level analysis can be helpful to the improvement of both laser systems.

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Refractive Type	Refraction	HOA (μm)	OZ × AZ (mm)	Tissue Depth (μm)
Myopia	−4DS	0.0	6 × 8	64
Hyperopia	+2DS	0.0	5 × 9	26
Myopic astigmatism	−2DS/−1DC × 34°	0.0	6 × 8	49
Hyperopic astigmatism	+2DS/−1DC × 65°	0.0	5 × 9	25
Mixed astigmatism	+2DS/−3DC × 45°	0.0	6 × 8	38
Therapeutic	+2.4DS/−3.5DC × 17°	1.2	6 × 8	32

Direction	Eye Movement (mm)
x	0.096 ± 0.016
y	0.085 ± 0.017

Refractive Type	Type A	Type B (0.7 mm)
Myopia	0.038	0.068
Hyperopia	0.090	0.105
Myopic astigmatism	0.041	0.113
Hyperopic astigmatism	0.068	0.109
Mixed astigmatism	0.045	0.079
Therapeutic	0.045	0.090

Refractive Type	Type A	Type B (0.7 mm)
Myopia	700	11784
Hyperopia	1926	9787
Myopic astigmatism	845	10405
Hyperopic astigmatism	1462	7335
Mixed astigmatism	933	8412
Therapeutic	749	7259

Parameter	Type A	Type B
Ablation repetition rate (Hz)	20	60
Tracking speed (Hz)	60	200
Tracking postional accuracy (μm)	50	50
Tracking rotational accuracy (°)	0.5	0.5
Tracking latency time (ms)	15	15
Postional alignment error (μm)	15	15
Rotational alignment error (°)	0.5	0.5
Beam variability (% of beam profile)	±4	±4

Errors	Fitting		Registration		Tracking		Laser Beam		Total
Errors	Type A	Type B	Type A	Type B	Type A	Type B	Type A	Type B	Type A	Type B
Myopia	0.038	0.068	0.108 ± 0.057	0.116 ± 0.058	0.044 ± 0.002	0.162 ± 0.010	0.023 ± 0.008	0.021 ± 0.002	0.133 ± 0.048	0.220 ± 0.036
Hyperopia	0.090	0.105	0.061 ± 0.030	0.052 ± 0.026	0.039 ± 0.002	0.079 ± 0.005	0.011 ± 0.002	0.010 ± 0.001	0.134 ± 0.015	0.171 ± 0.009
Myopic astigmatism	0.041	0.113	0.075 ± 0.038	0.081 ± 0.043	0.046 ± 0.003	0.150 ± 0.009	0.021 ± 0.006	0.020 ± 0.001	0.115 ± 0.027	0.227 ± 0.020
Hyperopic astigmatism	0.068	0.109	0.043 ± 0.024	0.041 ± 0.025	0.033 ± 0.002	0.069 ± 0.006	0.009 ± 0.002	0.009 ± 0.001	0.103 ± 0.012	0.142 ± 0.010
Mixed astigmatism	0.045	0.079	0.064 ± 0.028	0.066 ± 0.029	0.039 ± 0.002	0.111 ± 0.007	0.016 ± 0.004	0.015 ± 0.001	0.095 ± 0.019	0.160 ± 0.013
Therapeutic	0.045	0.090	0.059 ± 0.028	0.059 ± 0.031	0.043 ± 0.003	0.126 ± 0.007	0.017 ± 0.004	0.016 ± 0.001	0.107 ± 0.017	0.205 ± 0.012
Average	0.055	0.094	0.068 ± 0.022	0.068 ± 0.027	0.041 ± 0.005	0.116 ± 0.037	0.016 ± 0.006	0.015 ± 0.005	0.115 ± 0.016	0.188 ± 0.035

Abstract

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Figures (12)

Tables (8)

Equations (6)

Applied Optics