Numerical analysis and experimental results of high-power Er/Pr:ZBLAN 2.7 μm fiber lasers with different pumping designs

Xiushan Zhu; Ravi Jain

doi:10.1364/AO.45.007118

Numerical analysis and experimental results of high-power Er∕Pr:ZBLAN 2.7 μm fiber lasers with different pumping designs

Xiushan Zhu and Ravi Jain

Applied Optics
Vol. 45,
Issue 27,
pp. 7118-7125
(2006)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.007118

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Xiushan Zhu and Ravi Jain, "Numerical analysis and experimental results of high-power Er/Pr:ZBLAN 2.7 μm fiber lasers with different pumping designs," Appl. Opt. 45, 7118-7125 (2006)

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Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators (060.2320)
- Fiber optics, infrared (060.2390)
- Fibers, erbium (060.2410)
- Infrared and far-infrared lasers (140.3070)
- Lasers, diode-pumped (140.3480)
- Lasers, erbium (140.3500)
- Lasers, fiber (140.3510)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: January 26, 2006
- Revised Manuscript: June 5, 2006
- Manuscript Accepted: June 5, 2006

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Abstract

Gain factor and output performance of erbium–praseodymium codoped ZBLAN double-clad fiber lasers at $2.7 μm$ with different pumping designs were calculated and analyzed. Single-end backward pumping with a highly reflective mirror butted against one fiber end and dual-end pumping with Fresnel reflections from both fiber ends were found to be the most efficient pumping designs. Ten-watt-level Er∕Pr:ZBLAN fiber lasers proved to be achievable with recent diode laser and ZBLAN fiber technologies. Their corresponding optimum fiber lengths for different pumping configurations were determined. It was also found that fiber lasers with a flat evolution of gain factor can obtain the largest output power. Experimental results of $4 m$ and $12 m$ fiber lasers showed very good agreement with simulation results.

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Pumping Designs	P _P(z)
Single-end pumping with Fresnel reflections	$α_{a} P_{p 1} (0) {e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p})}}^{z}$
Single-end copropagating pumping	$α_{a} P_{p 1} (0) {e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p})}}^{z}$
Single-end counterpropagating pumping	$α_{a} P_{p 2} (L_{f}) e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p}) (L_{f} - z)}$
Single-end backward pumping	$α_{a} P_{p 2} (L_{f}) [e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p}) (L_{f} - z)} + e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p}) (L_{f} + z)}]$
Dual-end pumping with Fresnel reflections	$α_{a} [P_{p 1} (0) {e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p})}}^{z} + P_{p 2} (L_{f}) e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p}) (L_{f} - z)}]$
Dual-end pumping with a dichroic mirror	$α_{a} [P_{p 1} (0) {e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p})}}^{z} + P_{p 2} (L_{f}) e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p}) (L_{f} - z)}]$

Pumping Designs	Slope Efficiency
Pumping Designs	4 m	12 m
Single-end pumping with Fresnel reflections	20.58%	16.69%
Single-end copropagating pumping	13.01%	9.52%
Single-end counterpropagating pumping	17.51%	19.25%
Dual-end pumping with Fresnel reflections	20.95%	22.28%
Dual-end pumping with a dichroic miror	15.99%	14.83%

Pumping Designs	P _P(z)
Single-end pumping with Fresnel reflections	$α_{a} P_{p 1} (0) {e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p})}}^{z}$
Single-end copropagating pumping	$α_{a} P_{p 1} (0) {e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p})}}^{z}$
Single-end counterpropagating pumping	$α_{a} P_{p 2} (L_{f}) e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p}) (L_{f} - z)}$
Single-end backward pumping	$α_{a} P_{p 2} (L_{f}) [e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p}) (L_{f} - z)} + e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p}) (L_{f} + z)}]$
Dual-end pumping with Fresnel reflections	$α_{a} [P_{p 1} (0) {e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p})}}^{z} + P_{p 2} (L_{f}) e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p}) (L_{f} - z)}]$
Dual-end pumping with a dichroic mirror	$α_{a} [P_{p 1} (0) {e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p})}}^{z} + P_{p 2} (L_{f}) e^{- (α_{a} + α_{p}) (L_{f} - z)}]$

Pumping Designs	Slope Efficiency
Pumping Designs	4 m	12 m
Single-end pumping with Fresnel reflections	20.58%	16.69%
Single-end copropagating pumping	13.01%	9.52%
Single-end counterpropagating pumping	17.51%	19.25%
Dual-end pumping with Fresnel reflections	20.95%	22.28%
Dual-end pumping with a dichroic miror	15.99%	14.83%

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