Real-time trace-level detection of carbon dioxide and ethylene in car exhaust gases

Michael T. McCulloch; Nigel Langford; Geoffrey Duxbury

doi:10.1364/AO.44.002887

Applied Optics
Vol. 44,
Issue 14,
pp. 2887-2894
(2005)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.44.002887

Real-time trace-level detection of carbon dioxide and ethylene in car exhaust gases

Michael T. McCulloch, Nigel Langford, and Geoffrey Duxbury

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Michael T. McCulloch, Nigel Langford, and Geoffrey Duxbury, "Real-time trace-level detection of carbon dioxide and ethylene in car exhaust gases," Appl. Opt. 44, 2887-2894 (2005)

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Abstract

A direct-absorption spectrometer, based on a pulsed, distributed feedback, quantum cascade laser with a 10.26-µm wavelength and an astigmatic Herriott cell with a 66-m path length, has been developed for high-resolution IR spectroscopy. This spectrometer utilizes the intrapulse method, an example of sweep integration, in which the almost linear wavelength up-chirp obtained from a distributed feedback, quantum cascade laser yields a spectral microwindow of as many as 2.5 wave numbers/cm⁻¹. Within this spectral microwindow, molecular fingerprints can be monitored and recorded in real time. This system allows both the detection of carbon dioxide and ethylene and the real-time observation of the evolution of these gases in the exhaust by-products from several cars.

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Spectra	Wave Number/cm⁻¹^a^,^b	Integrated Intensity cm⁻¹/(molecule⁻²)^a^,^b	$J_{K a^{'} K c^{'}}^{'}$	$J_{K a^{″} K c^{″}}^{″}$	Band	Rotational Transition
Ethylene line label
(i)	974.33665	1.152 × 10⁻²⁰	8_{2, 6}	7_{1, 6}
(ii)	973.81647	2.351 × 10⁻²¹	23_{2, 21}	22_{3, 19}
(iii)	973.80553	1.224 × 10⁻²⁰	15_{3, 12}	15_{2, 14}
(iv)	973.78725	5.095 × 10⁻²¹	18_{4, 15}	18_{3, 15}
(v)	973.55239	2.355 × 10⁻²⁰	9_{1, 8}	8_0.8
(vi)	973.44152	7.436 × 10⁻²¹	6_{2, 5}	5_{1, 5}
(vii)	973.38790	1.606 × 10⁻²¹	7_{5, 2}	8_{4, 4}
(viii)	973.30404	9.815 × 10⁻²²	12_{6, 7}	13_{5, 9}
CO₂	973.28852	2.290 × 10⁻²³			00⁰1–10⁰0	R (16)

N₂O Line	Wave Number (cm⁻¹)	Integrated Intensity, cm⁻¹/(molecule⁻²)	Band	Rotational Transition
1	1276.36576	1.336 × 10⁻¹⁹	00⁰1–00⁰0	P(10)
2	1275.89524	8.544 × 10⁻²¹	01¹1–01¹0	P(18)f
2	1275.88774	8.544 × 10⁻²¹	01¹1–01¹0	P(18)e
3	1276.01964	3.80 × 10⁻²²	02¹1–02²0	P(24)f
3	1276.01429	3.80 × 10⁻²²	02²1–02²0	P(24)e
4	1276.12731	3.07 × 10⁻²²	00⁰1–00⁰0	P(5), ¹⁴N¹⁵N¹⁶O

Spectra	Wave Number/cm⁻¹^a^,^b	Integrated Intensity cm⁻¹/(molecule⁻²)^a^,^b	$J_{K a^{'} K c^{'}}^{'}$	$J_{K a^{″} K c^{″}}^{″}$	Band	Rotational Transition
Ethylene line label
(i)	974.33665	1.152 × 10⁻²⁰	8_{2, 6}	7_{1, 6}
(ii)	973.81647	2.351 × 10⁻²¹	23_{2, 21}	22_{3, 19}
(iii)	973.80553	1.224 × 10⁻²⁰	15_{3, 12}	15_{2, 14}
(iv)	973.78725	5.095 × 10⁻²¹	18_{4, 15}	18_{3, 15}
(v)	973.55239	2.355 × 10⁻²⁰	9_{1, 8}	8_0.8
(vi)	973.44152	7.436 × 10⁻²¹	6_{2, 5}	5_{1, 5}
(vii)	973.38790	1.606 × 10⁻²¹	7_{5, 2}	8_{4, 4}
(viii)	973.30404	9.815 × 10⁻²²	12_{6, 7}	13_{5, 9}
CO₂	973.28852	2.290 × 10⁻²³			00⁰1–10⁰0	R (16)

N₂O Line	Wave Number (cm⁻¹)	Integrated Intensity, cm⁻¹/(molecule⁻²)	Band	Rotational Transition
1	1276.36576	1.336 × 10⁻¹⁹	00⁰1–00⁰0	P(10)
2	1275.89524	8.544 × 10⁻²¹	01¹1–01¹0	P(18)f
2	1275.88774	8.544 × 10⁻²¹	01¹1–01¹0	P(18)e
3	1276.01964	3.80 × 10⁻²²	02¹1–02²0	P(24)f
3	1276.01429	3.80 × 10⁻²²	02²1–02²0	P(24)e
4	1276.12731	3.07 × 10⁻²²	00⁰1–00⁰0	P(5), ¹⁴N¹⁵N¹⁶O

Abstract

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Applied Optics