Measurement of Excited State Relaxation Rates

W. R. Bennett; P. J. Kindlmann; G. N. Mercer

doi:10.1364/AO.4.S1.000034

Applied Optics
Vol. 4,
Issue S1,
pp. 34-57
(1965)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.4.S1.000034

Measurement of Excited State Relaxation Rates

W. R. Bennett, P. J. Kindlmann, and G. N. Mercer

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W. R. Bennett, P. J. Kindlmann, and G. N. Mercer, "Measurement of Excited State Relaxation Rates," Appl. Opt. 4, 34-57 (1965)

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Abstract

A detailed review is given of methods for the measurement of radiative decay rates and total inelastic destructive cross sections of short-lived excited states. The paper is divided into six main sections, dealing with methods of approximate calculation and interpretation of radiative and collision processes; previous methods of measurement; a review of delayed multichannel coincidence techniques; properties of the vernier chronotron; methods of statistical analysis; and a summary and analysis of data pertinent to laser transitions in helium, neon, and singly ionized argon. The main emphasis is given to experimental techniques devised by the authors for the measurement of excited state lifetimes in the 4-nsec to 1000-nsec range and the analysis of data taken in the noble gases with this system.

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State	Present work^c	Pichanick et al.44 Heron et al.15,63	Bennett and Dalby62	Holzberlein61	Bates and Damgaard12,20
2³P	1.01 ± 0.06	≈1.044			1.01
3³P	0.95 ± 0.05	0.87 ± 0.04	0.94 ± 0.04	1.10 ± 0.10	1.03
4³P	0.60 ± 0.13	0.65 ± 0.01			0.73
5³P	0.60 ± 0.07				0.44
3³S	2.25 ± 0.10				2.75
4³S	1.55 ± 0.10	1.48 ± 0.02	1.28 ± 0.07	1.70 ± 0.17	1.57
5³S	1.00 ± 0.11				0.90
3²D	6.0 ± 0.5	10 ± 5		4.00 ± 0.80	7.16
				0.49 ± 0.05
4³D	2.7 ± 0.7				3.10
5³D	1.9 ± 0.5				1.66^d
7³D	0.7 ± 0.2
3¹P	1.50 ± 0.25	1.35 ± 0.02			1.36
4¹P	0.72 ± 0.25				0.86
5¹P	0.43 ± 0.10				0.54^e
7¹P	0.29 ± 0.07
3¹S	1.81 ± 0.09				1.88
4¹S	1.19 ± 0.15				1.11
5¹S	0.71 ± 0.16				0.66
3¹D	4.5 ± 2.0				6.52
4¹D	2.0 ± 0.4				2.64
5¹D	1.7 ± 0.7				1.37^e

State	n = 3	n = 4	n = 5
Triplet	2.1 ± 0.5	20. ± 1.	24.6 ± 1.3
Singlet	1.4 ± 0.5	16.8 ± 0.7	26. ± 3.

		P	D
n = 2	Triplet	<0.2
n = 2	Singlet
n = 3	Triplet	5.5 ± 0.5	5. ± 1.
n = 3	Singlet	19. ± 5	44. ± 9
n = 4	Triplet	16. ± 1	195. ± 55.
n = 4	Singlet	10.4 ± 0.6	90. ± 25.
n = 5	Triplet	16. ± 8	1300. ± 300
n = 5	Singlet	10.4 ± 0.3	345. ± 80.
n = 7	Triplet		0.7 ± 0.2
n = 7	Singlet	3.4 ± 1.2

Level	Present work	Klose65	Ladenburg27	Griffiths51
p₁	6.8 ± 0.5	6.5 ± 0.5	>12.5	2.6 ± 0.1
p²	5.2 ± 0.5	6.1 ± 0.5	10 ± 1
p³		=3.1	8 ± 1
p⁴	5.4 ± 0.4		8.3 ± 1.0	1.2 ± 0.2
p⁵		≈2.5	>9.5	0.87 ± 0.11
p⁶	3.5 ± 1.5		7.7 ± 1.0	1.1 ± 0.1
p⁷			7.7 ± 1.0
p⁸			6.3 ± 0.8	0.83 ± 0.09
p⁹			5.9 ± 0.7	0.50 ± 0.08
p¹⁰			>5.0
s₂	1.04^b
s₃	0.63^b
s₄	1.02^b
s₅	0.91^b

Ar⁺ State	Transition(s) used (in Å)	Radiative lifetimes (nsec)		Cross section^a (in 10⁻¹⁵ cm² at 380°C)
Ar⁺ State	Transition(s) used (in Å)	Present work	Olsen25	Cross section^a (in 10⁻¹⁵ cm² at 380°C)
$4 p^{2} S_{½}^{0}$	4579	8.8 ± 0.3	<13.4	≈ 6
$4 p^{2} P_{½}^{0}$	4658	8.7 ± 0.3	<14.4	<3
$4 p^{2} P_{\overset{3}{} / \underset{2}{}}^{0}$	4545	9.4±0.5	<18.5	<4
$4 p^{2} P_{\overset{3}{} / \underset{2}{}}^{0}$	4765	9.4±0.5	<18.5	<4
$4 p^{2} D_{\overset{3}{} / \underset{2}{}}^{0}$	4727	9.8±a,2	—	≈8
$4 p^{2} D_{\overset{3}{} / \underset{2}{}}^{0}$	4965	9.8±a,2	—	≈8
$4 p^{2} D_{\overset{5}{} / \underset{2}{}}^{0}$	4880	9.1 ± 0.6	<15.2	<9
$4 p^{2} D_{\overset{3}{} / \underset{2}{}}^{0}$	4430	7.4 ± 0.2	—	≈ 11
	5017^b	7.9 ± 0.2^b	—	<2^b
$4 p^{2} D_{\overset{5}{} / \underset{2}{}}^{0}$	5145	7.5 ± 0.5	—	<3

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Applied Optics