Short-wave infrared transfer radiometer for the calibration of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer

Paul R. Spyak; David S. Smith; James Thiry; Charles Burkhart

doi:10.1364/AO.39.005694

Applied Optics
Vol. 39,
Issue 31,
pp. 5694-5706
(2000)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.39.005694

Short-wave infrared transfer radiometer for the calibration of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer

Paul R. Spyak, David S. Smith, James Thiry, and Charles Burkhart

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Paul R. Spyak, David S. Smith, James Thiry, and Charles Burkhart, "Short-wave infrared transfer radiometer for the calibration of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer," Appl. Opt. 39, 5694-5706 (2000)

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Abstract

A short-wave infrared (700–2500-nm) radiometer has been designed and built to calibrate and cross calibrate spherical-integrating sources used in the calibration of satellite sensors residing on NASA’s Earth Observing System platforms. We describe the design, predicted and measured performance, and calibration of the transfer radiometer.

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Instrument and Band	Band-Averaged Wavelength (nm)	Center Wavelength (nm)	FWHM Bandpass (nm)	FWHM Points (nm)
MODIS-5	1243.5	1243.6	15.7	1235.7–1251.4
MODIS-26	1380.8	1380.2	29.0	1365.7–1394.7
MODIS-6	1646.0	1646.0	23.4	1634.3–1657.7
MODIS-7	2133.6	2134.7	55.1	2107.1–2162.2
ASTER-5	2164.3	2164.3	40.8	2143.9–2184.7
ASTER-6	2207.9	2207.8	44.5	2185.5–2230.0
ASTER-7	2263.0	2262.6	49.3	2237.9–2287.2
ASTER-8	2332.3	2332.3	63.1	2300.7–2363.8
ASTER-9	2403.2	2403.0	70.3	2367.8–2438.1

Uncertainty Type	Wavelength (nm)

	900	1300	1600	2000	2400
	One-Sigma Uncertainty (%)
Secondary irradiance standard calibration
NIST calibration uncertainty	0.45	0.47	0.63	1.10	2.17
Optronic Laboratories transfer uncertainty	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.75	1.00
BaSO₄ panel calibration
Alignment	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Algoflon-standard reflectance knowledge, Algoflon BRF measurement, and BaSO₄ BRF measurement	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
Radiometer radiance calibration
Lamp to panel distance (±1 mm)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
Standard lamppost to filament distance (1/R ² uncertainty in filament location with respect to the lamp alignment posts)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
Measured calibrated irradiance area	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5
Stray light	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5
Alignment	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Lamp drift	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Curve-fitting standard lamp spectral irradiance data for transfer to radiometer bandpasses (0.4%)	<0.4	<0.4	<0.4	<0.4	<0.4
Transfer radiometer bandpass filter knowledge
Spectral measurement uncertainty (monochromator wavelength uncertainty is 0.05%)	0.06	0.09	0.12	0.15	0.15
Spectral out-of-band rejection	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Lock-in gain accuracy	<1.0	<1.0	<1.0	<1.0	<1.0
Stability	<0.2	<0.2	<0.2	<0.2	<0.2
Repeatability	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5
Total root-sum-square	<3.3	<3.3	<3.3	<3.5	<3.9

Filter Average Wavelength (nm)	Noise-Equivalent Spectral Radiance [mW/(m² sr nm)]	Saturation Spectral Radiance [mW/(m² sr nm)]
1243.5	2.1 × 10^-4	1988
1380.8	1.3 × 10^-4	1154
1646.0	1.6 × 10^-4	1441
2133.6	4.3 × 10^-5	394
2164.3	5.9 × 10^-5	544
2207.9	5.5 × 10^-5	508
2263.0	5.7 × 10^-5	521
2332.3	3.7 × 10^-5	339
2403.2	3.7 × 10^-5	343

Parameter	Measured Performance
Wavelength range	700–2500 nm
FWHM FOV (FOV_1/2)	3.88°–3.89°
Full width 1% FOV (FOV_0.01)	5.33°–5.68°
SNR	>2000 (typically >4000) for MODIS and ASTER radiance ranges
Noise-equivalent spectral radiance (0.12 µV)	∼1.6 × 10^-4 mW/(m² sr nm) for λ <2000 nm ∼5.7 × 10^-5 mW/(m² sr nm) for λ >2000 nm
Saturation spectral radiance	∼1441 mW/(m² sr nm) for λ <2000 nm ∼521 mW/(m² sr nm) for λ >2000 nm
Dynamic range	∼10⁷
Instability	≤0.2%
Nonrepeatability	≤0.5%
Nonlinearity	≤0.25% for typical radiances with a SNR greater than 333; ≤0.75% for radiances with a SNR greater than or equal to 40
Calibration uncertainty	<3.9% (depends on λ)

Instrument and Band	Band-Averaged Wavelength (nm)	Center Wavelength (nm)	FWHM Bandpass (nm)	FWHM Points (nm)
MODIS-5	1243.5	1243.6	15.7	1235.7–1251.4
MODIS-26	1380.8	1380.2	29.0	1365.7–1394.7
MODIS-6	1646.0	1646.0	23.4	1634.3–1657.7
MODIS-7	2133.6	2134.7	55.1	2107.1–2162.2
ASTER-5	2164.3	2164.3	40.8	2143.9–2184.7
ASTER-6	2207.9	2207.8	44.5	2185.5–2230.0
ASTER-7	2263.0	2262.6	49.3	2237.9–2287.2
ASTER-8	2332.3	2332.3	63.1	2300.7–2363.8
ASTER-9	2403.2	2403.0	70.3	2367.8–2438.1

Abstract

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Applied Optics