Abstract

Three-dimensional fluorescence spatial distributions under single-photon and two-photon excitation within a turbid medium are studied with Monte Carlo simulation. It is demonstrated that two-photon excitation has an advantage of producing much less fluorescence light outside the focal region compared with single-photon excitation. With the increase of the concentration of scattering particles in a turbid medium, the position of the maximum fluorescence intensity point shifts from the geometric focal region toward the medium surface. Further studies show that the optical sectioning property of two-photon fluorescence microscopy is degraded in thick turbid media or when the numerical aperture of an objective becomes low.

© 2000 Optical Society of America

Penetration depth of single-, two-, and three-photon fluorescence microscopic imaging through human cortex structures: Monte Carlo simulation

Xiaoyuan Deng and Min Gu
Appl. Opt. 42(16) 3321-3329 (2003)

Monte Carlo analysis of two-photon fluorescence imaging through a scattering medium

Carlo Mar Blanca and Caesar Saloma
Appl. Opt. 37(34) 8092-8102 (1998)

Two-color excitation fluorescence microscopy through highly scattering media

Carlo Mar Blanca and Caesar Saloma
Appl. Opt. 40(16) 2722-2729 (2001)

Spatial distribution of two-photon-excited fluorescence in scattering media

Jinpin Ying, Feng Liu, and R. R. Alfano
Appl. Opt. 38(1) 224-229 (1999)

Excitation with a focused, pulsed optical beam in scattering media: diffraction effects

Vincent Ricardo Daria, Caesar Saloma, and Satoshi Kawata
Appl. Opt. 39(28) 5244-5255 (2000)