Compensation of optical path lengths in extreme-ultraviolet and soft-x-ray monochromators for ultrafast pulses

Abstract

The extraction of the spectrum corresponding to a single extreme-ultraviolet ultrashort pulse embedded in an extended spectrum may alter the duration of the pulse itself. This is due to the spectral filtering of optics and the differences in the optical path of the rays caused by ordinary diffraction when a grating is used. The basic mechanism that leads to the latter effect is the difference of one wavelength of the path length of two rays diffracted at the first order by nearby grating grooves. A study of these effects and some possible solutions obtained from using a pair of diffraction gratings is presented. The aim of this study is the selection without dispersion of one or more high-order laser harmonics produced by a pulse lasting a few femtoseconds and interacting with a gas jet.

© 1999 Optical Society of America

Time-delay compensated monochromator in the off-plane mount for extreme-ultraviolet ultrashort pulses

Luca Poletto and Paolo Villoresi
Appl. Opt. 45(34) 8577-8585 (2006)

Gratings in a conical diffraction mounting for an extreme-ultraviolet time-delay-compensated monochromator

M. Pascolini, S. Bonora, A. Giglia, N. Mahne, S. Nannarone, and L. Poletto
Appl. Opt. 45(14) 3253-3262 (2006)

Tolerances of time-delay-compensated monochromators for extreme-ultraviolet ultrashort pulses

Luca Poletto
Appl. Opt. 48(23) 4526-4535 (2009)

Single-grating monochromator for extreme-ultraviolet ultrashort pulses

Fabio Frassetto, Cephise Cacho, Chris A. Froud, I.C. Edmund Turcu, Paolo Villoresi, Will A. Bryan, Emma Springate, and Luca Poletto
Opt. Express 19(20) 19169-19181 (2011)

Optical design of a spectrometer–monochromator for the extreme-ultraviolet and soft-x-ray emission of high-order harmonics

Luca Poletto, Giuseppe Tondello, and Paolo Villoresi
Appl. Opt. 42(31) 6367-6373 (2003)