Abstract

The conventional design of phase gratings or kinoforms with a paraxial transmission function is restricted to the paraxial domain and thin elements. Therefore, the design and analysis of thick phase-relief structures require a nonparaxial theory, as given by the Born approximation. The Born approximation is derived as an extension of the scalar thin-element theory, which is applicable for thick elements with large propagation angles. As an example, general prism gratings on curved surfaces are treated.

© 1998 Optical Society of America

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