Estimation of the amount of tropospheric ozone in a cloudy sky by ground-based Fourier-transform infrared emission spectroscopy

Dietrich Spänkuch; Wolfgang Döhler; Jürgen Güldner; Elena Schulz

doi:10.1364/AO.37.003133

Applied Optics
Vol. 37,
Issue 15,
pp. 3133-3142
(1998)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.37.003133

Estimation of the amount of tropospheric ozone in a cloudy sky by ground-based Fourier-transform infrared emission spectroscopy

Dietrich Spänkuch, Wolfgang Döhler, Jürgen Güldner, and Elena Schulz

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Dietrich Spänkuch, Wolfgang Döhler, Jürgen Güldner, and Elena Schulz, "Estimation of the amount of tropospheric ozone in a cloudy sky by ground-based Fourier-transform infrared emission spectroscopy," Appl. Opt. 37, 3133-3142 (1998)

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Abstract

The problem of retrieving minor concentrations of constituents by ground-based Fourier-transform infrared emission spectroscopy is addressed by means of the concept of differential optical emission spectroscopy in analogy to the concept of differential optical absorption spectroscopy. Using the prominent ν ₃ ozone feature at 1043 cm^-1, we show that the strength of the spectral signature depends not only on the amount of ozone but also on the atmospheric thermal structure. This dependence can be described by a rather accurate approximation, which was used to construct a simple diagram to estimate the amount of column ozone between the instrument site and a cloud deck as well as to determine the detection limit. The detection limit is shown to depend on cloud base height. For a given thermal lapse rate it was found that the lower the detection limit, the higher the cloud base altitude. However, as shown in a case study with variable cloud base height, the concept fails for semitransparent clouds. Multiple scattering of the emitted radiation within the clouds yielded a path enhancement that simulated an enhanced amount of constituent. The path enhancement was estimated to be 2.4–4 km at 1000 cm^-1 for low-level clouds, equivalent to an enhancement factor of 6–21. The multiple scattering effect has considerable consequences for ground-based as well as for nadir satellite retrieval techniques in cloudy skies.

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Time (UTC)	Cloud Base Heights
Time (UTC)	Ceilograph (m)a	Effective (m)b	Zenith Angle (°)	ΔT _b (K)	ΔT _w (K)	T _4.2 - T ₁₁ (K)	Ω (DU)c
09.16	1050/2050	4050	0	4.6	24.6	14.0	34.0
09.18	1000 (500)	1220	0	0.3	10.5	0.1	4.5
09.25	800 (×)	1705	0	1.3	13.6	2.9	17.0
09.27		870	70	0.6	7.6	0.3	5.2
09.29		680	80	0.6	5.8	0.7	3.9
09.33	800/1200/2000	1585	0	0.6	12.8	0.5	7.5
09.53	900/1800	1360	0	0.5	12.0	0.8	6.7
10.01	700/1500	960	0	0.2	8.0	0.0	2.9
10.02	700/1300	1165	0	0.2	9.6	-0.7	3.2
10.04		1240	70	0.6	10.0	1.1	3.6
10.05		850	70	0.5	7.0	1.0	4.7
10.06		610	80	0.5	5.4	0.8	3.5
10.55	900/1800	1320	0	0.5	11.2	-0.1	7.3
10.57	1200 (600)	1350	0	0.5	11.8	0.1	6.9
11.11	1100/2000	1575	0	0.5	12.6	-0.3	6.3
11.12	1000/1700	1420	0	0.3	12.0	0.1	3.9
11.14		570	80	1.5	9.2	1.2	6.2
11.15		915	80	1.3	8.2	1.7	6.1
11.16		755	70	0.3	6.8	1.0	2.8
11.17		670	70	0.3	5.8	0.8	3.4
14.54	1000/1300	2000	0	2.2	15.6	9.2	26.2
14.55	1000 (×)	1050	0	0.4	9.2	0.1	7.4
15.07	2500 (200)	5935	0	9.3	36.0	23.5	51.2
15.09	1000/2400	1710	0	1.8	14.4	4.6	23.0
15.11	1000/1900	4065	0	5.1	25.0	13.7	37.7
15.13	1000/2400	5070	0	7.4	31.3	17.4	45.4
15.14	1000/2400	5230	0	7.5	32.4	17.4	43.9

Variable	Time (UTC)
Variable	09.18	14.54	15.11	15.07
Cloud base heights and geometric thickness (m)	1000 (500)	1000 (100)	1000 (300)	2500 (200)
Cloud base heights and geometric thickness (m)		1300 (200)	1900 (100)
Cloud temperature at ν ∼ 2400 cm^-1 (K)	275.8	279.4	274.8	273.0
DOES ozone path amount (DU)	4.5	26.2	37.7	51.2
Excess ozone amount (DU)	0	16	18	22
Corresponding height for DOES ozone from Lindenberg ascent, z _Ω (m)	1000	5200	6700	10,200
Effective cloud base height, z _eff (m)	1220	2000	4065	5935
Height difference z _Ω- z _eff (km)	-0.2	3.2	2.64	4.2
Path enhancement by multiple scattering and reflection	0	10	6	21

Time (UTC)	Cloud Base Heights
Time (UTC)	Ceilograph (m)a	Effective (m)b	Zenith Angle (°)	ΔT _b (K)	ΔT _w (K)	T _4.2 - T ₁₁ (K)	Ω (DU)c
09.16	1050/2050	4050	0	4.6	24.6	14.0	34.0
09.18	1000 (500)	1220	0	0.3	10.5	0.1	4.5
09.25	800 (×)	1705	0	1.3	13.6	2.9	17.0
09.27		870	70	0.6	7.6	0.3	5.2
09.29		680	80	0.6	5.8	0.7	3.9
09.33	800/1200/2000	1585	0	0.6	12.8	0.5	7.5
09.53	900/1800	1360	0	0.5	12.0	0.8	6.7
10.01	700/1500	960	0	0.2	8.0	0.0	2.9
10.02	700/1300	1165	0	0.2	9.6	-0.7	3.2
10.04		1240	70	0.6	10.0	1.1	3.6
10.05		850	70	0.5	7.0	1.0	4.7
10.06		610	80	0.5	5.4	0.8	3.5
10.55	900/1800	1320	0	0.5	11.2	-0.1	7.3
10.57	1200 (600)	1350	0	0.5	11.8	0.1	6.9
11.11	1100/2000	1575	0	0.5	12.6	-0.3	6.3
11.12	1000/1700	1420	0	0.3	12.0	0.1	3.9
11.14		570	80	1.5	9.2	1.2	6.2
11.15		915	80	1.3	8.2	1.7	6.1
11.16		755	70	0.3	6.8	1.0	2.8
11.17		670	70	0.3	5.8	0.8	3.4
14.54	1000/1300	2000	0	2.2	15.6	9.2	26.2
14.55	1000 (×)	1050	0	0.4	9.2	0.1	7.4
15.07	2500 (200)	5935	0	9.3	36.0	23.5	51.2
15.09	1000/2400	1710	0	1.8	14.4	4.6	23.0
15.11	1000/1900	4065	0	5.1	25.0	13.7	37.7
15.13	1000/2400	5070	0	7.4	31.3	17.4	45.4
15.14	1000/2400	5230	0	7.5	32.4	17.4	43.9

Variable	Time (UTC)
Variable	09.18	14.54	15.11	15.07
Cloud base heights and geometric thickness (m)	1000 (500)	1000 (100)	1000 (300)	2500 (200)
Cloud base heights and geometric thickness (m)		1300 (200)	1900 (100)
Cloud temperature at ν ∼ 2400 cm^-1 (K)	275.8	279.4	274.8	273.0
DOES ozone path amount (DU)	4.5	26.2	37.7	51.2
Excess ozone amount (DU)	0	16	18	22
Corresponding height for DOES ozone from Lindenberg ascent, z _Ω (m)	1000	5200	6700	10,200
Effective cloud base height, z _eff (m)	1220	2000	4065	5935
Height difference z _Ω- z _eff (km)	-0.2	3.2	2.64	4.2
Path enhancement by multiple scattering and reflection	0	10	6	21

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Applied Optics