N. K. Højerslev, I. Trabjerg, “A new perspective for remote measurements of plankton pigments and water quality,” (Københavns Universitet Geofysisk Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1990).
M. R. Querry, D. M. Wieliczka, D. J. Segelstein, “Water (H2O),” in Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids II, E. D. Palik, ed., (Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1991), pp. 1059–1077.
H Buiteveld, J. H. M. Hakvoort, M Donze, “The optical properties of pure water,” in Ocean Optics XII, J. S. Jaffe, ed., Proc. SPIE2258, 174–183 (1994).
F. M. Sogandares, “The spectral absorption of pure water,” Ph.D. dissertation (Texas AM University, College Station, Tex., 1991).
R. M. Pope, “Optical absorption of pure water and sea water using the integrating cavity absorption meter,” Ph.D. dissertation (Texas AM University, College Station, Tex., 1993).
Xenon Arc-Lamp Model 66005 (Oriel Corporation, Stratford, Conn.).
Monochromator, Digikrom Model 240 (CVI Laser Corporation, Albuquerque, N.M.).
Electromagnetic Camera Shutter (Copal Model DC495, R.T.S., Inc., Deer Park, N.Y.).
High diffuse reflectance material, Spectralon SRM-99 (Labsphere, Inc., North Sutton, N.H.).
See Section IX of Ref. 5.
P. R. Bevington, D. K. Robinson, Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences, 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1969).
The liquid absorption standards are identified by NBS#931d, Lot#680312, and were obtained from the NIST Office of Standard Reference Materials.
A software program for the MacIntosh, profit (QuantumSoft, Cherwell Scientific, Oxford, 1996).
“Ultrapure ion free/organic free water for trace analysis,” Lit. No. CG302 (Millipore Corporation Bedford, Mass., 1986).
Note that although exactly the same raw data were used, the values quoted here are different from those in Pope’s dissertation,8 which contains a systematic error that is due to a dependence of one calibration constant on the water absorption coefficient (his Fig. V-8). The thorough analysis leading to our Eqs. (18) and (19) avoids this problem; also, we have used rigorous statistically averaging techniques to extract the maximum information from the raw data.