Abstract
High-efficiency diffractive elements with a continuous phase-modulation
capability can be realized either by means of a surface profile or a
refractive-index distribution. We consider the latter approach, expanding on
our recent proposal [Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 917 (1995)] to fabricate graded-index diffractive structures by thermal ion
exchange in glass. A rapid approximate method is developed to obtain a
predesign of the ion-exchange mask, which is then refined by parametric
optimization based on solutions of the full diffusion problem. The use of two
consecutive ion-exchange steps and postbaking to enhance the designs is
investigated, and some experimental results are provided.
© 1997 Optical Society of America
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