Experimental and theoretical investigation of a multipass, plane mirror, femtosecond dye laser amplifier

M. Wittmann; A. Penzkofer; G. Gössl

doi:10.1364/AO.34.005287

Applied Optics
Vol. 34,
Issue 24,
pp. 5287-5296
(1995)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.34.005287

Experimental and theoretical investigation of a multipass, plane mirror, femtosecond dye laser amplifier

M. Wittmann, A. Penzkofer, and G. Gössl

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M. Wittmann, A. Penzkofer, and G. Gössl, "Experimental and theoretical investigation of a multipass, plane mirror, femtosecond dye laser amplifier," Appl. Opt. 34, 5287-5296 (1995)

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Abstract

Femtosecond pulses of a passive mode-locked Rhodamine-6G dye laser are amplified in a double-stage, three-pass, plane mirror, Sulforhodamine-101 amplifier system. Saturable filters (Schott glass RG645 and Malachite Green) are used to suppress amplified spontaneous emission. Input pulses of 110-fs duration are broadened to 240 fs in the amplifier system and recompressed to 75 fs in a prism-pair compressor. Using a 20-Hz Q-switched Nd:YAG pump laser of 50-mJ second-harmonic output energy, we obtained amplified and recompressed pulses of 180-μJ energy at 625 nm starting with 40-pJ input pulses. The small-signal amplification dynamics is studied numerically. Relevant gain dye and saturable filter parameters are derived. The influence of amplified spontaneous emission is analyzed.

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Parameter	Value
Input (output of cw mode-locked dye laser)
Single-pulse energy W_in	40 pJ
Duration Δt_in	110 fs
Pulse spacing δt	10 ns
Spectral width $Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{in}$	180 cm⁻¹
Bandwidth product Δt_inΔν_in	0.6
Beam diameter Δd_in	1 mm
Nd:YAG pump laser
Pulse energy W_P	50 mJ
Pulse duration Δt_P	5 ns
Beam diameter Δd_P	6 mm
Divergence Δθ_P	6 × 10⁻⁴
Repetition rate	20 Hz
Amplifier stage 1
Dye	Sulforhodamine-101
Solvent	Ethylene glycol
Concentration C_G₁	1.1 × 10⁻⁴ M/L
Cell length l_G₁	1 cm
Number of transits	3
Pump-pulse energy W_P_,1	15 mJ
Output energy W_G₁	15 μJ
Pump beam cross section A₁	4 mm × 2 mm
Total amplification G₁	4 × 10⁵
Aperture diameter d_A,G₁	1.8 mm
Saturable absorber 1
Material	Schott color glass RG645
Thickness l_S₁	2 mm
Small-signal transmission at 625 nm	4 × 10⁻³
Aperture diameter d_A,S₁	2.8 mm
Amplifier stage 2
Amplifier dye	Sulforhodamine-101
Solvent	Ethylene glycol
Concentration C_G₂	1.1 × 10⁻⁴ M/L
Cell length l_G₂	1 cm
Saturable absorber	Malachite Green
Solvent	Ethanol
Concentration C_S₂	6.4 × 10⁻⁵ M/L
Small-signal transmission at 625 nm	0.083
Pump-pulse energy W_P_,2	35 mJ
Pump beam cross section	4 mm × 3 mm
Output energy W_G₂	270 μJ
Duration Δt_G₂	240 fs
Spectral width $Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{G 2}$	220 cm⁻¹
Bandwidth product	1.6
Aperture diameter d_A,G₂	3.6 mm
Pulse compression stage
Prism material	Schott glass SF59
Prism separation l_P	35 cm
Output pulse duration Δt_L_,com	75 fs
Bandwidth product	0.5
Output energy W_com	180 μJ

Parameter	Value	Comments
Sulforhodamine-101 in ethylene glycol
σ_P (cm²)	7.3 × 10⁻¹⁷	λ_P = 532 nm
σ_ex,P (cm²)	5.7 × 10⁻¹⁷
σ_em,L (cm²)	1.85 × 10⁻¹⁶	λ_L = 625 nm, Fig. 3
σ_ex,L (cm²)	6 × 10⁻¹⁷
σ_em,ASE (cm²)	1.85 × 10⁻¹⁶	λ_ASE = 625 nm, Fig. 3
σ_ex,ASE (cm²)	6 × 10⁻¹⁷
ϕ_F	0.93
τ_rad (ns)	5.6
τ_F (ns)	5.2
I_sat,P (W cm⁻²)	1 × 10⁶
∊_{sat, L} (J cm⁻²)	2.5 × 10⁻³
Color filter Schott RG645
σ_S_1,L (cm²)	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵	Ref. 67
σ_ex,S1,L (cm²)	1.9 × 10⁻¹⁶	Ref. 67
τ_s₁ (ps)	25	Ref. 67
I_sat,S1 (W cm⁻²)	1.06 × 10⁷
∊_sat,S1 (J cm⁻²)	2.7 × 10⁻⁴
Malachite Green in ethanol
σ_S_2,L (cm²)	3.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	λ_L = 625 nm
σ_ex,S2,L (cm²)	6.4 × 10⁻¹⁷
τ_S₂ (ps)	1.5	Ref. 56
I_sat,S2 (W cm⁻²)	6.7 × 10⁸
∊_sat,S2 (J cm⁻²)	1 × 10⁻³

Parameter	Value
Input (output of cw mode-locked dye laser)
Single-pulse energy W_in	40 pJ
Duration Δt_in	110 fs
Pulse spacing δt	10 ns
Spectral width $Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{in}$	180 cm⁻¹
Bandwidth product Δt_inΔν_in	0.6
Beam diameter Δd_in	1 mm
Nd:YAG pump laser
Pulse energy W_P	50 mJ
Pulse duration Δt_P	5 ns
Beam diameter Δd_P	6 mm
Divergence Δθ_P	6 × 10⁻⁴
Repetition rate	20 Hz
Amplifier stage 1
Dye	Sulforhodamine-101
Solvent	Ethylene glycol
Concentration C_G₁	1.1 × 10⁻⁴ M/L
Cell length l_G₁	1 cm
Number of transits	3
Pump-pulse energy W_P_,1	15 mJ
Output energy W_G₁	15 μJ
Pump beam cross section A₁	4 mm × 2 mm
Total amplification G₁	4 × 10⁵
Aperture diameter d_A,G₁	1.8 mm
Saturable absorber 1
Material	Schott color glass RG645
Thickness l_S₁	2 mm
Small-signal transmission at 625 nm	4 × 10⁻³
Aperture diameter d_A,S₁	2.8 mm
Amplifier stage 2
Amplifier dye	Sulforhodamine-101
Solvent	Ethylene glycol
Concentration C_G₂	1.1 × 10⁻⁴ M/L
Cell length l_G₂	1 cm
Saturable absorber	Malachite Green
Solvent	Ethanol
Concentration C_S₂	6.4 × 10⁻⁵ M/L
Small-signal transmission at 625 nm	0.083
Pump-pulse energy W_P_,2	35 mJ
Pump beam cross section	4 mm × 3 mm
Output energy W_G₂	270 μJ
Duration Δt_G₂	240 fs
Spectral width $Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{G 2}$	220 cm⁻¹
Bandwidth product	1.6
Aperture diameter d_A,G₂	3.6 mm
Pulse compression stage
Prism material	Schott glass SF59
Prism separation l_P	35 cm
Output pulse duration Δt_L_,com	75 fs
Bandwidth product	0.5
Output energy W_com	180 μJ

Parameter	Value	Comments
Sulforhodamine-101 in ethylene glycol
σ_P (cm²)	7.3 × 10⁻¹⁷	λ_P = 532 nm
σ_ex,P (cm²)	5.7 × 10⁻¹⁷
σ_em,L (cm²)	1.85 × 10⁻¹⁶	λ_L = 625 nm, Fig. 3
σ_ex,L (cm²)	6 × 10⁻¹⁷
σ_em,ASE (cm²)	1.85 × 10⁻¹⁶	λ_ASE = 625 nm, Fig. 3
σ_ex,ASE (cm²)	6 × 10⁻¹⁷
ϕ_F	0.93
τ_rad (ns)	5.6
τ_F (ns)	5.2
I_sat,P (W cm⁻²)	1 × 10⁶
∊_{sat, L} (J cm⁻²)	2.5 × 10⁻³
Color filter Schott RG645
σ_S_1,L (cm²)	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵	Ref. 67
σ_ex,S1,L (cm²)	1.9 × 10⁻¹⁶	Ref. 67
τ_s₁ (ps)	25	Ref. 67
I_sat,S1 (W cm⁻²)	1.06 × 10⁷
∊_sat,S1 (J cm⁻²)	2.7 × 10⁻⁴
Malachite Green in ethanol
σ_S_2,L (cm²)	3.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	λ_L = 625 nm
σ_ex,S2,L (cm²)	6.4 × 10⁻¹⁷
τ_S₂ (ps)	1.5	Ref. 56
I_sat,S2 (W cm⁻²)	6.7 × 10⁸
∊_sat,S2 (J cm⁻²)	1 × 10⁻³

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Equations (16)

Applied Optics