Frequency-modulation mode-locking performance for four Nd<sup>3+</sup>-doped laser crystals

J. L. Dallas

doi:10.1364/AO.33.006373

Applied Optics
Vol. 33,
Issue 27,
pp. 6373-6376
(1994)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.33.006373

Frequency-modulation mode-locking performance for four Nd³⁺-doped laser crystals

J. L. Dallas

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J. L. Dallas, "Frequency-modulation mode-locking performance for four Nd³⁺-doped laser crystals," Appl. Opt. 33, 6373-6376 (1994)

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Abstract

To determine an optimum host for simultaneous short-pulse-width and large-slope-efficiency generation, the performance of Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Nd:YVO₄, and Nd³⁺:Sr₅(VO₄)₃F [Nd:strontium fluorovanadate (S-VAP)] was characterized under a variety of end-pumped and frequency-modulation mode-locking conditions. The slope efficiency, threshold pump power, and pulse width were recorded for each laser and compared with theory. A figure of merit was defined, yielding Nd:YLF and Nd:YVO₄ as the experimentally determined crystals of choice.

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	Material

Parameter	Nd:YLF	Nd:YAG	Nd:YV0₄	Nd:S-VAP
Lasing wavelength (nm)	1047.7	1064.2	1064.2	1065.4
Pump wavelength (nm)	792	808.1	805.5	809
Mode-locked slope efficiency	0.5	0.37	0.41	0.42
Threshold power (mW)	1180	78	36	29
Maximum output power (mW)	830	50	77	80
Pulse width (ps)	14	20	14	20
Power in pump spot (mW)	2760	231	231	231
Crystal dimensions (mm)	6.35 diam. × 15 long	6.35 diam. × 6.35 long	6.35 diam. × 6.35 long	3 × 3 wide × 4 long
Loss in crystal (mm⁻¹)	0.0005	0.0004	0.002	0.004
Output coupling (% reflecting)	85	90	90	90
Mode radius at crystal (μm)	263	61	61	61
Modulation frequency (MHz)	200	344	344	344
RF power to phase modulator (W)	1	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nd³⁺ doping (%)	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.38
Bandwidth (GHz)	420	140	212	312
Absorption coefficient (cm⁻¹)	7.2	4.8	31	16.9
Absorption linewidth (nm)	1.21	0.6	0.8	1.6
Stimulated cross section (× 10⁻¹⁹ cm²)	1.9	2.8	15.6	5
Upper-state lifetime (μs)	500	240	100	230

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Applied Optics