Measured conversion efficiencies of P45, paraterphenyl, tetraphenyl butadiene, and sodium salicylate phosphors in the soft-x-ray wavelength range

S. P. Regan; L. K. Huang; M. J. May; H. W. Moos; D. Stutman; S. Kovnovich; M. Finkenthal

doi:10.1364/AO.33.003595

Applied Optics
Vol. 33,
Issue 16,
pp. 3595-3599
(1994)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.33.003595

Measured conversion efficiencies of P45, paraterphenyl, tetraphenyl butadiene, and sodium salicylate phosphors in the soft-x-ray wavelength range

S. P. Regan, L. K. Huang, M. J. May, H. W. Moos, D. Stutman, S. Kovnovich, and M. Finkenthal

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S. P. Regan, L. K. Huang, M. J. May, H. W. Moos, D. Stutman, S. Kovnovich, and M. Finkenthal, "Measured conversion efficiencies of P45, paraterphenyl, tetraphenyl butadiene, and sodium salicylate phosphors in the soft-x-ray wavelength range," Appl. Opt. 33, 3595-3599 (1994)

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Abstract

The measured conversion efficiencies at 9.89, 23.6, 44.7, and 160 Å of P45 phosphor screens, as well as those of paraterphenyl, tetraphenyl butadiene, and sodium salicylate at 9.89, 44.7, and 67.6 Å, are presented. The conversion efficiency is defined as the ratio of photoelectrons ejected from the photocathode of a visible detector, which are excited by the scintillated photons that are emitted from the phosphor in a solid angle of 2π, to the number of soft-x-ray photons incident on the phosphor. The effect of the phosphor’s thickness on the conversion efficiency was studied. The P45 phosphor converts the soft-x-ray photon (10–200 Å) into an order of magnitude more visible photons than the low-Z phosphors. The P45 phosphor screen used in conjunction with a photomultiplier tube offers a soft-x-ray photodetector with a conversion efficiency that ranges from 0.5 at 160 Å to 12 at 9.89 Å and a high electronic gain.

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P45 Sample (mg/cm²)	Soft-X-Ray Photons/s Incident on P45	Soft-X-Ray Diode Photocurrent (pA)	PMT Photocurrent (nA)	Vis/UV Light Blocking Filter Soft-X-Ray Transmission (%)	LSM Reflectivity (%) and λ/Δλ	Wavelength (Å) and Source
2	1.69 × 10⁴	–	13.5	92	16.3, 62	9.89, Mg K _α
1	3.58 × 10⁴	–	16.8	92	16.3, 62	9.89, Mg K _α
2	6.33 × 10³	–	2.0	40	2.7, 45	23.6, O K _α
1	6.86 × 10³	–	1.9	40	2.7, 45	23.6, O K _α
2	7.45 × 10³	–	1.4	22	2.0, 25	44.7, C K _α
1	1.32 × 10⁴	–	2.3	22	2.0, 25	44.7, C K _α
2	–	39.0	267	15	38,16	160, PIDaAl iv
1	–	38.5	365	15	38,16	160, PIDaAl iv

Wavelength (Å)	Estimated Absorption of P50 Gas (%)	Measured Transmission of the VYNS Window (%)	Detector Efficiency of the GFPC (%)
9.89	81	56	45
23.6	100	37	37
44.7	100	25	25

Phosphor (μm)	Wavelength (Å) and Source	Optimal High Voltage (kV)	Optimal Vis/UV Light Blocking Filter and Soft-X-Ray Transmission	Soft-X-Ray Photons/s Incident on Phosphor	Visible Diode Photocurrent (pA)
TPB
1				1.8 × 10⁸	2.0
3				1.0 × 10⁸	7.0
8	9.89, Mg K _α	5.0	B10, 78%	1.5 × 10⁸	21.8
15				7.9 × 10⁷	27.0
25				8.4 × 10⁷	25.7
8				8.4 × 10⁷	6.1
15	44.7, C K _α	2.5	Ag 1500 Å/95% mesh, 27.5%	7.9 × 10⁷	8.0
25				9.5 × 10⁷	11.0
15	67.6, B K _α	1.5	Ag 1500 Å/95% mesh, 21%	5.0 × 10⁷	8.0
PTH
15	9.89, Mg K _α	5.0	B10, 78%	1.9 × 10⁸	55.0
3				1.7 × 10⁸	7.0
9	44.7, C K _α	2.5	Ag 1500 Å/95% mesh, 27.5%	1.7 × 10⁸	18.5
15				1.8 × 10⁸	17.2
25				1.8 × 10⁸	14.0
15	67.6, B K _α	1.5	Ag 1500 Å/95% mesh, 21%	4.7 × 10⁷	8.0
Sodium salicylate
40	9.89, Mg K _α	5.0	B10, 78%	2.0 × 10⁸	21.0
40	44.7, C K _α	2.5	Ag 1500Å, 50.5%	1.6 × 10⁸	4.0
40	67.6, B K _α	1.5	Ag 1500 Å, 22.1%	6.3 × 107	1.5

P45 Sample (mg/cm²)	Soft-X-Ray Photons/s Incident on P45	Soft-X-Ray Diode Photocurrent (pA)	PMT Photocurrent (nA)	Vis/UV Light Blocking Filter Soft-X-Ray Transmission (%)	LSM Reflectivity (%) and λ/Δλ	Wavelength (Å) and Source
2	1.69 × 10⁴	–	13.5	92	16.3, 62	9.89, Mg K _α
1	3.58 × 10⁴	–	16.8	92	16.3, 62	9.89, Mg K _α
2	6.33 × 10³	–	2.0	40	2.7, 45	23.6, O K _α
1	6.86 × 10³	–	1.9	40	2.7, 45	23.6, O K _α
2	7.45 × 10³	–	1.4	22	2.0, 25	44.7, C K _α
1	1.32 × 10⁴	–	2.3	22	2.0, 25	44.7, C K _α
2	–	39.0	267	15	38,16	160, PIDaAl iv
1	–	38.5	365	15	38,16	160, PIDaAl iv

Wavelength (Å)	Estimated Absorption of P50 Gas (%)	Measured Transmission of the VYNS Window (%)	Detector Efficiency of the GFPC (%)
9.89	81	56	45
23.6	100	37	37
44.7	100	25	25

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Applied Optics