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Raman scattering measurements in flames using a tunable KrF laser

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Abstract

Using a narrow-band tunable KrF excimer laser as a spontaneous vibrational Raman scattering source, we demonstrate that single-pulse concentration and temperature measurements, with only minimal fluorescence interference, are possible for all major species (O2, N2, H2O, and H2) at all stoichiometries (fuel-lean to fuel-rich) of H2–air flames. Photon-statistics-limited precisions in these instantaneous and spatially resolved single-pulse measurements are typically 5%, which are based on the relative standard deviations of single-pulse probability distributions. Optimal tuning of the narrow-band KrF excimer laser (248.623 nm) for the minimization of OH A2Σ−X2Π and O2B3Σu−X3Σg fluorescence interference is determined from fluorescence excitation spectra. In addition to the single-pulse N2 Stokes/anti-Stokes ratio temperature measurement technique, a time-averaged temperature measurement technique is presented that matches the N2 Stokes Raman spectrum to theoretical spectra by using a single intermediate state frequency to account for near-resonance enhancement. Raman flame spectra in CH4–air flames are presented that have good signal-to-noise characteristics and show promise for single-pulse UV Raman measurements in hydrocarbon flames.

© 1992 Optical Society of America

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