Laser-induced plasma formation in Xe, Ar, N<sub>2</sub>, and
O<sub>2</sub> at the first four Nd:YAG harmonics

Jon P. Davis; Allan L. Smith; Christopher Giranda; Martin Squicciarini

doi:10.1364/AO.30.004358

Applied Optics
Vol. 30,
Issue 30,
pp. 4358-4364
(1991)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.30.004358

Laser-induced plasma formation in Xe, Ar, N₂, and O₂ at the first four Nd:YAG harmonics

Jon P. Davis, Allan L. Smith, Christopher Giranda, and Martin Squicciarini

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Jon P. Davis, Allan L. Smith, Christopher Giranda, and Martin Squicciarini, "Laser-induced plasma formation in Xe, Ar, N₂, and O₂ at the first four Nd:YAG harmonics," Appl. Opt. 30, 4358-4364 (1991)

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Abstract

Irradiance values have been measured for the onset of laser-induced plasma formation in Xe, Ar, N₂ and O₂ at pressures from 760 to 25 Torr at wavelengths of 1.064, 0.532, 0.355, and 0.266 μm. These values have been compared with the results of other workers who used similar experimental setups. There is agreement within a factor of 4 when irradiance values are compared and within a factor of 2 when ratios of irradiance values for different gasses are compared. Comparisons among workers who used widely different pulse lengths indicate that the onset of plasma formation is measured better by energy fluence than by irradiance.

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Experiment	Gas [Wavelength (μm)]

	Xe	Ar	Ar	Air(N₂)	Air(N₂)	Air(N₂)	Air(N₂)
	[0.532]	[1.064]	[0.532]	[1.064]	[0.532]	[0.355]	[0.266]
Ref. 10	8	113	32	82	43	56	32
Ref. 7	25		60		150
Ref. 8				320	160	210	260
Ref. 9		225		250

Experiment	Gas [Wavelength (μm)]

	Xe	Ar	Ar	N₂	N₂	O₂	Air(N₂)
	[0.532]	[1.064]	[0.532]	[1.064]	[0.532]	[0.355]	[0.266]
Ref. 10	−0.7	−0.4	−0.5	−0.4	−0.5	−0.4	0.8
Ref. 7	−0.6		−0.6		−0.5
Ref. 9		−0.5		−0.4		−0.3

Experiment	γ(ns)	Gas [Wavelength (μm)]

		[1.064]	[1.064]	[1.064]	[1.064]	[1.064]	[1.064]	[0.532]	[0.532]	[0.532]	[0.532]	[0.355]	[0.355]	[0.355]
		Xe/Ar	Xe/N₂	Xe/O₂	Ar/N₂	Ar/O₂	N₂/O₂	Xe/Ar	Xe/N₂	Ar/N₂	N₂/O₂	Xe/Ar	Xe/N₂	Ar/N₂
Ref. 10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3	1.4	1.2	0.9	0.2	0.2	0.7	1.1	0.5	0.5	1.0
Ref. 7	10							0.4	0.2	0.4
Ref. 6	15							0.3	0.04	0.1		0.2	0.04	0.2
Ref. 9	10				1.0	1.0	1.0
Ref. 11	10						1.2
Ref. 12	0.007		0.3		0.7						1.1
Ref. 13	0.007	0.4
Ref. 14	0.02				0.4
Ref. 15	50				1.0
	3				0.5
	0.15				0.5
	0.04				0.5
Ref. 16	0.01				0.7
Ref. 17	40	0.4	0.06	0.06	0.2	0.2	1.0
Ref. 18								0.2

Experiment	Gas [Wavelength (μm)]

	Xe	Xe	Xe	Ar	Ar	Ar	N₂	N₂	N₂	O₂
	[1.064]	[0.532]	[0.355]	[1.064]	[0.532]	[0.355]	[1.064]	[0.532]	[0.355]	[1.064]
Ref. 10	−0.8	−0.7	−0.8	−0.4	−0.5	−0.6	−0.4	−0.5	−0.7	−0.4
Ref. 7		−0.6			−0.6			−0.5
Ref. 6		−1	−0.9		−1	−1.1		−0.6	−0.7
Ref. 9				−0.5			−0.4			−0.3
Ref. 12					−0.5
Ref. 13	−0.5
Ref. 14				−0.6	−0.5		−0.5	−0.4
Ref. 15				−0.7			−0.4
Ref. 19				−0.7
Ref. 16				−0.8			−0.6
Ref. 17	−1			−1.1			−0.5			−0.6
Ref. 18	−0.7				−0.8

	Gas	Wavelength 1.064 μm				Wavelength 0.532 μm				Wavelength 0.355 μm				Wavelength 0.266 μm

		Diameter	τ	I_th	E_th	Diameter	τ	I_th	E_th	Diameter	τ	I_th	E_th	Diameter	τ	I_th	E_th
		(μm)	(ns)	GW/cm/cm	J/cm/cm	(μm)	(ns)	GW/cm/cm	J/cm/cm	(μm)	(ns)	GW/cm/cm	J/cm/cm	(μm)	(ns)	GW/cm/cm	J/cm/cm
Ref. 10	N₂	85	8.5	90	800	85	7.5	40	300	85	6.5	50	300	90	5.5	30	200
Ref. 7	N₂					33	6.5	150	1000
Ref. 8	N₂	30	8.5	300	3000	40	6.5	150	1000	40	5.5	200	1200	30	4.5	260	1200
Ref. 6	N₂					7	15	2500	38000	4	15	1300	20000
Ref. 9	N₂, O₂	30	10	250	2500
Ref. 20	Air					28	0.03	40000	1300
	Air					28	0.14	10000	1600
Ref. 11	Air	180	10	80	800
Belland (quoted Ref. 11)^a	Air	?	?	85	?
Ref. 12	N₂	5	0.00	1000000	7000	3	0.02	40000	800
Ref. 14	N₂	?	0.02	50000	1000
Ref. 21	Air	10	100	7000	700000
	Air	100	100	700	70000
Ref. 16	N₂	?	0.01	3.5E+05	3500
Ref. 17	Air	70	40	70	2800

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Applied Optics