Optical Materials and Their Preparation

A. Smakula; J. Kalnajs; M. J. Redman

doi:10.1364/AO.3.000323

Applied Optics
Vol. 3,
Issue 3,
pp. 323-328
(1964)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.3.000323

Optical Materials and Their Preparation

A. Smakula, J. Kalnajs, and M. J. Redman

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A. Smakula, J. Kalnajs, and M. J. Redman, "Optical Materials and Their Preparation," Appl. Opt. 3, 323-328 (1964)

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Abstract

A variety of materials such as glasses, crystals, pressed materials, and thin films are available for optical applications. The influence of impurities on physical properties indicates that materials of higher purity are frequently required. Methods of impurity detection and purification are well developed but their use is quite complicated. Synthesis of purest materials is still in its infancy.

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Material	Chemical formula	M.P. (°C)	Refractive index	Spectral range (μ)
Cryolite	AlF₃· 3NaF	1000	1.35	<0.2 −10
Magnesium fluoride	MgF₂	1395	1.38	0.12–5
Thorium fluoride	ThF₄	1068	1.45	<0.2–10
Cerium fluoride	CeF₃	1324	1.62	0.3 −>5
Silicon monoxide	SiO	>1000	1.45–1.90	0.35–8
Zirconium dioxide	ZrO₂	2700	2.10	0.3 −>7
Zinc sulfide	ZnS	>1900	2.30	0.4 −14
Titanium dioxide	TiO₂	1850	2.4–2.9	0.4 −>7
Cerium dioxide	CeO₂	1950	2.30	0.4 −5
Silicon	Si	1420	3.50	0.9 −8
Germanium	Ge	937	3.8–4.2	1.4 −>20
Lead telluride	PbTe	917	5.10	3.9 −>20

	NaCl	KCl	KBr	KI
Al	10
Ba	15	20	20	20
Ca	20	20	50	50
Fe		3	5	3
K	50
Li	10
Mg		50	50	50
Na		200		200
Pb		5	5	5
Sr		10
Br	100	100		100
Cl			400	100
I		20
NO₃		30
PO₄		20		10
SO₄		30	5	50

Material	Chemical formula	M.P. (°C)	Refractive index	Spectral range (μ)
Cryolite	AlF₃· 3NaF	1000	1.35	<0.2 −10
Magnesium fluoride	MgF₂	1395	1.38	0.12–5
Thorium fluoride	ThF₄	1068	1.45	<0.2–10
Cerium fluoride	CeF₃	1324	1.62	0.3 −>5
Silicon monoxide	SiO	>1000	1.45–1.90	0.35–8
Zirconium dioxide	ZrO₂	2700	2.10	0.3 −>7
Zinc sulfide	ZnS	>1900	2.30	0.4 −14
Titanium dioxide	TiO₂	1850	2.4–2.9	0.4 −>7
Cerium dioxide	CeO₂	1950	2.30	0.4 −5
Silicon	Si	1420	3.50	0.9 −8
Germanium	Ge	937	3.8–4.2	1.4 −>20
Lead telluride	PbTe	917	5.10	3.9 −>20

	NaCl	KCl	KBr	KI
Al	10
Ba	15	20	20	20
Ca	20	20	50	50
Fe		3	5	3
K	50
Li	10
Mg		50	50	50
Na		200		200
Pb		5	5	5
Sr		10
Br	100	100		100
Cl			400	100
I		20
NO₃		30
PO₄		20		10
SO₄		30	5	50

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Applied Optics