Comparison of Monochromatic Semiconductor Radiation Sources with Tungsten Lamps

O. A. Weinreich; S. Mayburg

doi:10.1364/AO.3.001489

Applied Optics
Vol. 3,
Issue 12,
pp. 1489-1493
(1964)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.3.001489

Comparison of Monochromatic Semiconductor Radiation Sources with Tungsten Lamps

O. A. Weinreich and S. Mayburg

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O. A. Weinreich and S. Mayburg, "Comparison of Monochromatic Semiconductor Radiation Sources with Tungsten Lamps," Appl. Opt. 3, 1489-1493 (1964)

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Abstract

The physical efficiency of a light source, ∊, defined as the ratio of radiant power output to electrical power input, which a monochromatic semiconductor radiation source must have to compete with a high temperature radiation source is investigated. Detailed calculations of ∊ are given for infrared and visible illumination. In an infrared system, where an S–1 detector is used, in order for a GaAs diode to be competitive with the infrared produced by a filtered tungsten lamp operated at 3000°K, an ∊ value of 6.4% is required of the diode. For production of visible light a minimum physical efficiency of 4% is required for an optimum monochromatic source which radiates near 555 nm, the peak of the eye sensitivity curve. An efficiency of 100% is required at λ = 445 nm and λ = 642 nm. Monochromatic sources with wavelengths greater than 642 nm and less than 445 nm can never compete with the effective illumination of a 3000°K tungsten lamp for the human eye. Semiconductor light sources are shown to have far higher effective power radiated per unit area of source than tungsten lamps.

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λ mμ	p(λ)Δλ W/cm⁻² Δλ = 10 mμ T = 3000°K	F(λ)	S(λ)	p(λ)F(λ)S(λ)Δλ
810	2.65	0.005	0.995	1.32 10⁻²
820	2.93	0.01	0.990	2.90 10⁻²
830	2.96	0.02	0.980	5.80 10⁻²
840	2.98	0.03	0.970	8.67 10⁻²
850	3.01	0.04	0.955	1.15 10⁻¹
860	3.03	0.055	0.94	1.57 10⁻¹
870	3.05	0.07	0.910	1.94 10⁻¹
880	3.07	0.09	0.875	2.45 10⁻¹
890	3.08	0.11	0.855	2.89 10⁻¹
900	3.10	0.13	0.825	3.33 10⁻¹
910	3.11	0.16	0.785	3.78 10⁻¹
920	3.12	0.19	0.735	4.35 10⁻¹
930	3.12	0.22	0.685	4.71 10⁻¹
940	3.13	0.25	0.620	4.85 10⁻¹
950	3.13	0.275	0.57	4.89 10⁻¹
960	3.13	0.30	0.510	4.80 10⁻¹
970	3.13	0.34	0.450	4.76 10⁻¹
980	3.13	0.38	0.390	4.64 10⁻¹
990	3.13	0.41	0.340	4.35 10⁻¹
1000	3.13	0.45	0.300	4.23 10⁻¹
1010	3.12	0.485	0.250	3.78 10⁻¹
1020	3.11	0.515	0.220	3.50 10⁻¹
1030	3.10	0.530	0.190	3.13 10⁻¹
1040	3.09	0.570	0.160	2.79 10⁻¹
1050	3.08	0.600	0.140	2.58 10⁻¹
1060	3.07	0.620	0.120	2.29 10⁻¹
1070	3.06	0.640	0.090	1.73 10⁻¹
1080	3.04	0.660	0.085	1.72 10⁻¹
1090	3.03	0.680	0.070	1.43 10⁻¹
1100	3.01	0.690	0.055	1.17 10⁻¹
1110	3.00	0.700	0.045	9.45 10⁻²
1120	2.98	0.720	0.035	7.49 10⁻²
1130	2.96	0.735	0.025	5.44 10⁻²
1140	2.94	0.745	0.020	4.40 10⁻²
1150	2.92	0.750	0.015	3.30 10⁻²

				P_E = 8.77 units

λ mμ	p(λ)Δλ W/cm⁻² Δλ = 10 mμ T = 3000°K	K(λ)	p(λ)K(λ)Δλ
400	2.28 10⁻¹	4.0 10⁻⁴	9.12 10⁻⁵
410	2.70 10⁻¹	1.2 10⁻³	3.24 10⁻⁴
420	3.16 10⁻¹	4.0 10⁻³	1.26 10⁻³
430	3.67 10⁻¹	1.16 10⁻²	4.26 10⁻³
440	4.21 10⁻¹	2.3 10⁻²	9.68 10⁻³
450	4.80 10⁻¹	3.8 10⁻²	1.82 10⁻²
460	5.42 10⁻¹	6.0 10⁻²	3.25 10⁻²
470	6.07 10⁻¹	9.1 10⁻²	5.52 10⁻²
480	6.76 10⁻¹	1.39 10⁻¹	9.39 10⁻²
490	7.48 10⁻¹	2.08 10⁻¹	1.56 10⁻¹
500	8.22 10⁻¹	3.23 10⁻¹	2.65 10⁻¹
510	8.98 10⁻¹	5.03 10⁻¹	4.52 10⁻¹
520	9.77 10⁻¹	7.10 10⁻¹	6.94 10⁻¹
530	1.06	8.62 10⁻¹	9.14 10⁻¹
540	1.14	9.54 10⁻¹	1.09
550	1.22	9.95 10⁻¹	1.21
560	1.30	9.95 10⁻¹	1.29
570	1.39	9.52 10⁻¹	1.32
580	1.47	8.70 10⁻¹	1.28
590	1.55	7.57 10⁻¹	1.17
600	1.63	6.31 10⁻¹	1.03
610	1.71	5.03 10⁻¹	8.60 10⁻¹
620	1.79	3.91 10⁻¹	6.82 10⁻¹
630	1.87	2.65 10⁻¹	4.96 10⁻¹
640	1.95	1.75 10⁻¹	3.41 10⁻¹
650	2.02	1.07 10⁻¹	2.16 10⁻¹
660	2.10	6.1 10⁻²	1.28 10⁻¹
670	2.17	3.2 10⁻²	6.94 10⁻²
680	2.24	1.7 10⁻²	3.81 10⁻²
690	2.30	8.2 10⁻³	1.89 10⁻²
700	2.36	4.1 10⁻³	9.68 10⁻³
710	2.43	2.1 10⁻³	5.10 10⁻³
720	2.49	1.05 10⁻³	2.61 10⁻³
730	2.54	5.2 10⁻⁴	1.32 10⁻³

		P_E = 13.95 W/cm² (apparent)

λ mμ	p(λ)Δλ W/cm⁻² Δλ = 10 mμ T = 3000°K	F(λ)	S(λ)	p(λ)F(λ)S(λ)Δλ
810	2.65	0.005	0.995	1.32 10⁻²
820	2.93	0.01	0.990	2.90 10⁻²
830	2.96	0.02	0.980	5.80 10⁻²
840	2.98	0.03	0.970	8.67 10⁻²
850	3.01	0.04	0.955	1.15 10⁻¹
860	3.03	0.055	0.94	1.57 10⁻¹
870	3.05	0.07	0.910	1.94 10⁻¹
880	3.07	0.09	0.875	2.45 10⁻¹
890	3.08	0.11	0.855	2.89 10⁻¹
900	3.10	0.13	0.825	3.33 10⁻¹
910	3.11	0.16	0.785	3.78 10⁻¹
920	3.12	0.19	0.735	4.35 10⁻¹
930	3.12	0.22	0.685	4.71 10⁻¹
940	3.13	0.25	0.620	4.85 10⁻¹
950	3.13	0.275	0.57	4.89 10⁻¹
960	3.13	0.30	0.510	4.80 10⁻¹
970	3.13	0.34	0.450	4.76 10⁻¹
980	3.13	0.38	0.390	4.64 10⁻¹
990	3.13	0.41	0.340	4.35 10⁻¹
1000	3.13	0.45	0.300	4.23 10⁻¹
1010	3.12	0.485	0.250	3.78 10⁻¹
1020	3.11	0.515	0.220	3.50 10⁻¹
1030	3.10	0.530	0.190	3.13 10⁻¹
1040	3.09	0.570	0.160	2.79 10⁻¹
1050	3.08	0.600	0.140	2.58 10⁻¹
1060	3.07	0.620	0.120	2.29 10⁻¹
1070	3.06	0.640	0.090	1.73 10⁻¹
1080	3.04	0.660	0.085	1.72 10⁻¹
1090	3.03	0.680	0.070	1.43 10⁻¹
1100	3.01	0.690	0.055	1.17 10⁻¹
1110	3.00	0.700	0.045	9.45 10⁻²
1120	2.98	0.720	0.035	7.49 10⁻²
1130	2.96	0.735	0.025	5.44 10⁻²
1140	2.94	0.745	0.020	4.40 10⁻²
1150	2.92	0.750	0.015	3.30 10⁻²

				P_E = 8.77 units

λ mμ	p(λ)Δλ W/cm⁻² Δλ = 10 mμ T = 3000°K	K(λ)	p(λ)K(λ)Δλ
400	2.28 10⁻¹	4.0 10⁻⁴	9.12 10⁻⁵
410	2.70 10⁻¹	1.2 10⁻³	3.24 10⁻⁴
420	3.16 10⁻¹	4.0 10⁻³	1.26 10⁻³
430	3.67 10⁻¹	1.16 10⁻²	4.26 10⁻³
440	4.21 10⁻¹	2.3 10⁻²	9.68 10⁻³
450	4.80 10⁻¹	3.8 10⁻²	1.82 10⁻²
460	5.42 10⁻¹	6.0 10⁻²	3.25 10⁻²
470	6.07 10⁻¹	9.1 10⁻²	5.52 10⁻²
480	6.76 10⁻¹	1.39 10⁻¹	9.39 10⁻²
490	7.48 10⁻¹	2.08 10⁻¹	1.56 10⁻¹
500	8.22 10⁻¹	3.23 10⁻¹	2.65 10⁻¹
510	8.98 10⁻¹	5.03 10⁻¹	4.52 10⁻¹
520	9.77 10⁻¹	7.10 10⁻¹	6.94 10⁻¹
530	1.06	8.62 10⁻¹	9.14 10⁻¹
540	1.14	9.54 10⁻¹	1.09
550	1.22	9.95 10⁻¹	1.21
560	1.30	9.95 10⁻¹	1.29
570	1.39	9.52 10⁻¹	1.32
580	1.47	8.70 10⁻¹	1.28
590	1.55	7.57 10⁻¹	1.17
600	1.63	6.31 10⁻¹	1.03
610	1.71	5.03 10⁻¹	8.60 10⁻¹
620	1.79	3.91 10⁻¹	6.82 10⁻¹
630	1.87	2.65 10⁻¹	4.96 10⁻¹
640	1.95	1.75 10⁻¹	3.41 10⁻¹
650	2.02	1.07 10⁻¹	2.16 10⁻¹
660	2.10	6.1 10⁻²	1.28 10⁻¹
670	2.17	3.2 10⁻²	6.94 10⁻²
680	2.24	1.7 10⁻²	3.81 10⁻²
690	2.30	8.2 10⁻³	1.89 10⁻²
700	2.36	4.1 10⁻³	9.68 10⁻³
710	2.43	2.1 10⁻³	5.10 10⁻³
720	2.49	1.05 10⁻³	2.61 10⁻³
730	2.54	5.2 10⁻⁴	1.32 10⁻³

		P_E = 13.95 W/cm² (apparent)

Abstract

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Equations (14)

Applied Optics