Variable-wavelength solar-blind Raman lidar for remote measurement of atmospheric water-vapor concentration and temperature

Kenneth Petri; Alfred Salik; John Cooney

doi:10.1364/AO.21.001212

Applied Optics
Vol. 21,
Issue 7,
pp. 1212-1218
(1982)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.21.001212

Variable-wavelength solar-blind Raman lidar for remote measurement of atmospheric water-vapor concentration and temperature

Kenneth Petri, Alfred Salik, and John Cooney

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Kenneth Petri, Alfred Salik, and John Cooney, "Variable-wavelength solar-blind Raman lidar for remote measurement of atmospheric water-vapor concentration and temperature," Appl. Opt. 21, 1212-1218 (1982)

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Abstract

System definition and performance calculations are presented for a variable-wavelength solar-blind Raman lidar capable of remotely measuring profiles of atmospheric water-vapor concentration and temperature. A figure of merit is defined which is related to the wavelength dependent SNR. It is shown that the figure of merit for a particular output wavelength depends critically on the instantaneous total ozone overburden as well as the ozone content from the earth’s surface up to a maximum measurement altitude. Figures of merit for water-vapor and temperature profile measurements are presented. Best performance output wavelengths are given, and total output energies required to yield prespecified accuracies are computed.

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		WALLOPS ISLAND DATA	WALLOPS STATION

DATE	TIME (EDT)	(O₃) (ppb)	(O₃) (ppb)

9/9	2200	32.8	274
9/10	0200	11.2	25.0
9/10	1100	26.5	32.0
9/10	1600	59.0	58.4
9/11	0200	40.8	46.8
9/11	1100	30.0	35.1
9/11	1600	34.2	46.0
9/11	2200	6.4	30.5
9/12	0200	20.4	19.6
9/12	1100	396	38.5

Geometric Height Z, m	Geometric Height H, m′	Number Density			Column Density–cm/km ∊₃	Mass Density kg/m³ρ₃	Partial Pressure mb p₃	Mass Mixing Ratio kg/kg r₃
Geometric Height Z, m	Geometric Height H, m′	m⁻³ n₃	Variability m⁻³σ	Percent Variability 100 σ/n₃	Column Density–cm/km ∊₃	Mass Density kg/m³ρ₃	Partial Pressure mb p₃	Mass Mixing Ratio kg/kg r₃
2000	1999	6.8 (+17)	3.8 (+17)	56	2.5 (−3)	5.4 (−8)	2.6 (−5)	5.4 (−8)
4000	3997	5.8	2.9	50	2.1	4.6	2.1	5.6
6000	5994	5.7	3.0	53	2.1	4.5	1.9	6.8
8000	7990	6.5	5.9	90	2.4	5.2	2.1	9.9
10000	9984	1.13 (+18)	1.23 (+18)	109	4.2	9.0	3.5	2.18 (−7)
12000	11977	2.02	1.58	78	7.5	1.61 (−7)	6.0	5.16
14000	13969	2.35	1.48	63	8.7	1.87	7.0	8.21
16000	15960	2.95	1.42	48	1.10 (−2)	2.35	8.8	1.41 (−6)
18000	17949	4.04	1.23	30	1.50	3.22	1.21 (−4)	2.65
20000	19937	4.77	0.98	21	1.77	3.80	1.43	4.27
22000	21924	4.86	0.82	17	1.81	3.87	1.47	6.0
24000	23910	4.54	0.61	14	1.69	3.62	1.38	7.77
26000	25894	4.03	0.55	14	1.49	3.21	1.24	9.39
28000	27877	3.24	0.45	14	1.20	2.57	1.00	1.02 (−5)
30000	29859	2.52	0.33	13	9.38 (−3)	2.01	7.88 (−5)	1.09
32000	31840	2.03	0.34	17	7.55	1.62	6.40	1.19
34000	33819	1.58	0.27	17	5.88	1.26	5.10	1.27
36000	35797	1.22	0.17	14	4.54	9.72 (−8)	4.03	1.34
38000	37774	8.73 (+17)	1.10 (+17)	13	3.25	6.96	2.95	1.30
40000	39750	6.07	0.79	13	2.26	4.84	2.10	1.21
42000	41724	3.98	0.44	11	1.48	3.17	1.40	1.06
44000	43698	2.74	0.49	18	1.02	2.18	9.89 (−6)	9.67 (−6)
46000	45669	1.69	0.36	21	6.29 (−4)	1.35	6.23	7.86
48000	47640	1.03	0.17	17	3.83	8.20 (−9)	3.85	6.23
50000	49610	6.64 (+16)	1.10 (+16)	17	2.47	5.29	2.48	5.15
52000	51578	3.84	0.7	18	1.43	3.06	1.43	3.8
54000	53545	2.55	0.68	27	9.49 (−5)	2.03	9.28 (−7)	3.18
56000	55511	1.61	0.37	32	6.00	1.28	5.74	2.58
58000	57476	1.12	0.29	26	4.17	8.93 (−10)	3.90	2.25
60000	59439	7.33 (+15)	2.5 (+15)	34	2.73	5.85	2.50	1.88
62000	61401	4.81	1.8	38	1.79	3.83	1.60	1.59
64000	63362	3.17	1.2	38	1.18	2.52	1.03	1.36
66000	65322	1.72	0.66	38	6.4 (−6)	1.37	5.5 (−8)	9.6 (−7)
68000	67280	7.5 (+14)	5.1 (+14)	68	2.8	6.0 (−11)	2.4	5.5
70000	69238	5.4	3.1	57	2.0	4.3	1.6	5.1
72000	71194	2.2	1.7	77	8.2 (−7)	1.8	6.5 (−9)	2.8
74000	73148	1.7	0.9	53	6.3	1.3	4.9	2.9
Total Ozone Amount = 0.345 atm-cm

Measurement altitude (km)	Excimer laser (284.5 nm)	Quadrupled Nd:YAG (265 nm)
1	26.5	225.0
2	416.0	237.0
3	4103.0	86.8
4	3.3 × 10⁴	59.0
5	2.2 × 10⁵	45.0

		WALLOPS ISLAND DATA	WALLOPS STATION

DATE	TIME (EDT)	(O₃) (ppb)	(O₃) (ppb)

9/9	2200	32.8	274
9/10	0200	11.2	25.0
9/10	1100	26.5	32.0
9/10	1600	59.0	58.4
9/11	0200	40.8	46.8
9/11	1100	30.0	35.1
9/11	1600	34.2	46.0
9/11	2200	6.4	30.5
9/12	0200	20.4	19.6
9/12	1100	396	38.5

Geometric Height Z, m	Geometric Height H, m′	Number Density			Column Density–cm/km ∊₃	Mass Density kg/m³ρ₃	Partial Pressure mb p₃	Mass Mixing Ratio kg/kg r₃
Geometric Height Z, m	Geometric Height H, m′	m⁻³ n₃	Variability m⁻³σ	Percent Variability 100 σ/n₃	Column Density–cm/km ∊₃	Mass Density kg/m³ρ₃	Partial Pressure mb p₃	Mass Mixing Ratio kg/kg r₃
2000	1999	6.8 (+17)	3.8 (+17)	56	2.5 (−3)	5.4 (−8)	2.6 (−5)	5.4 (−8)
4000	3997	5.8	2.9	50	2.1	4.6	2.1	5.6
6000	5994	5.7	3.0	53	2.1	4.5	1.9	6.8
8000	7990	6.5	5.9	90	2.4	5.2	2.1	9.9
10000	9984	1.13 (+18)	1.23 (+18)	109	4.2	9.0	3.5	2.18 (−7)
12000	11977	2.02	1.58	78	7.5	1.61 (−7)	6.0	5.16
14000	13969	2.35	1.48	63	8.7	1.87	7.0	8.21
16000	15960	2.95	1.42	48	1.10 (−2)	2.35	8.8	1.41 (−6)
18000	17949	4.04	1.23	30	1.50	3.22	1.21 (−4)	2.65
20000	19937	4.77	0.98	21	1.77	3.80	1.43	4.27
22000	21924	4.86	0.82	17	1.81	3.87	1.47	6.0
24000	23910	4.54	0.61	14	1.69	3.62	1.38	7.77
26000	25894	4.03	0.55	14	1.49	3.21	1.24	9.39
28000	27877	3.24	0.45	14	1.20	2.57	1.00	1.02 (−5)
30000	29859	2.52	0.33	13	9.38 (−3)	2.01	7.88 (−5)	1.09
32000	31840	2.03	0.34	17	7.55	1.62	6.40	1.19
34000	33819	1.58	0.27	17	5.88	1.26	5.10	1.27
36000	35797	1.22	0.17	14	4.54	9.72 (−8)	4.03	1.34
38000	37774	8.73 (+17)	1.10 (+17)	13	3.25	6.96	2.95	1.30
40000	39750	6.07	0.79	13	2.26	4.84	2.10	1.21
42000	41724	3.98	0.44	11	1.48	3.17	1.40	1.06
44000	43698	2.74	0.49	18	1.02	2.18	9.89 (−6)	9.67 (−6)
46000	45669	1.69	0.36	21	6.29 (−4)	1.35	6.23	7.86
48000	47640	1.03	0.17	17	3.83	8.20 (−9)	3.85	6.23
50000	49610	6.64 (+16)	1.10 (+16)	17	2.47	5.29	2.48	5.15
52000	51578	3.84	0.7	18	1.43	3.06	1.43	3.8
54000	53545	2.55	0.68	27	9.49 (−5)	2.03	9.28 (−7)	3.18
56000	55511	1.61	0.37	32	6.00	1.28	5.74	2.58
58000	57476	1.12	0.29	26	4.17	8.93 (−10)	3.90	2.25
60000	59439	7.33 (+15)	2.5 (+15)	34	2.73	5.85	2.50	1.88
62000	61401	4.81	1.8	38	1.79	3.83	1.60	1.59
64000	63362	3.17	1.2	38	1.18	2.52	1.03	1.36
66000	65322	1.72	0.66	38	6.4 (−6)	1.37	5.5 (−8)	9.6 (−7)
68000	67280	7.5 (+14)	5.1 (+14)	68	2.8	6.0 (−11)	2.4	5.5
70000	69238	5.4	3.1	57	2.0	4.3	1.6	5.1
72000	71194	2.2	1.7	77	8.2 (−7)	1.8	6.5 (−9)	2.8
74000	73148	1.7	0.9	53	6.3	1.3	4.9	2.9
Total Ozone Amount = 0.345 atm-cm

Abstract

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Figures (8)

Tables (3)

Equations (2)

Applied Optics