Stable and rugged etalon for the Dynamics Explorer Fabry-Perot interferometer. 1: Design and construction

D. Rees; T. J. Fuller-Rowell; A. Lyons; T. L. Killeen; P. B. Hays

doi:10.1364/AO.21.003896

Applied Optics
Vol. 21,
Issue 21,
pp. 3896-3902
(1982)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.21.003896

Stable and rugged etalon for the Dynamics Explorer Fabry-Perot interferometer. 1: Design and construction

D. Rees, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, A. Lyons, T. L. Killeen, and P. B. Hays

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D. Rees, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, A. Lyons, T. L. Killeen, and P. B. Hays, "Stable and rugged etalon for the Dynamics Explorer Fabry-Perot interferometer. 1: Design and construction," Appl. Opt. 21, 3896-3902 (1982)

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Abstract

This is one of two papers which describe the development and performance of a very stable and rugged etalon designed for use in the Fabry-Perot interferometer, one of the instruments of the NASA Dynamics Explorer satellite mission, and which will obtain global measurements of the thermospheric and mesospheric wind and temperature with an accuracy of ~10 m/sec. The etalon consists of two flat plates of fused silica, with spacers constructed of Zerodur (a polycrystalline glass ceramic of extremely low expansion coefficient) which are cemented together using cyanoacrylic adhesives. This provides adequate mechanical integrity and stability for any space flight application and has a thermal expansion coefficient of the etalon cavity of <10(−7)/°C.

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Species and transition	Wavelength (nm)	Scientific objectives
OI (³P²–¹D²)	630.0	Thermal line: neutral winds and temperatures in the upper thermosphere, daytime and nighttime
OII (²D⁰–²P⁰)	732.0	Thermal line: ion drift and temperatures in the upper thermosphere
OII (²D⁰–²P⁰)	732.0	Nonthermal line: ion velocity and dispersion in oxygen corona/exosphere
OI (¹D²–¹S⁰)	557.7	Thermal line: upper mesospheric (nighttime) and lower thermospheric (daytime) neutral winds
OI (¹D²–¹S⁰)	557.7	Nonthermal line: nighttime thermospheric studies
NI (⁴S⁰–²D⁰)	520.0	Thermal line: auroral energy input to the thermosphere
Na (²S–²P)	589.6	Thermal line: daytime winds and temperatures in the upper mesosphere
	588.9

(1) Steady-state acceleration
	Acceleration (m² sec⁻¹)	Duration (min)
Thrust axis	130	1
Lateral axis	140	1
(2) Shock
3000 m² sec⁻¹ from 800 to 4000 Hz

Type 1:	Cylindrical
	Dimensions:	12.6 mm long × 6 mm diam
	Spring constant:	15 N/free spectral range
	Comment:	Small contact area/reduced strength in contacted etalon
Type 2:	Sector spacer
	Dimensions:	12.6 mm long × 6 mm deep, 15-mm (median) along circumference of circle
	Spring constant:	30 N/free spectral range
	Comment:	Sharp corners induce distortion of etalon at high spatial frequency
Type 3:	Sector spacer with rounded edges (Figs. 2 and 3)
	Dimensions:	12.6 mm long × 6 mm deep, 15-mm (median) along circumference of circle
	Spring constant:	30 N/free spectral range
	Comment:	Improved spring constant, avoids high frequency distortion of etalon plates
Type 4:	Sector spacer with rounded edges (Figs. 2 and 3); double area
	Dimensions:	25 m long × 6 mm deep, 15-mm (median) along circumference of circle
	Spring constant:	60 N/free spectral range
	Comment:	Improved spring constant, avoids high frequency distortion of etalon plates

Manufacturer’s quoted linear expansion coefficient (and batch identification)	Observed linear expansion coefficient as etalon spacer (°C)⁻¹	Notes
−1.1 × 10⁻⁷	−13 × 10⁻⁸ ± 0.1
+0.1 × 10⁻⁷	−10.4 × 10⁻⁸	20°C
	−13.5 × 10⁻⁸	35°C
	−17 × 10⁻⁸	45°C
	−3.5 × 10⁻⁸	Severely constrained in mounting
+0.5 × 10⁻⁷
A	−4.1 × 10⁻⁸ ± 0.2
A	−4.6 × 10⁻⁸ ± 0.3	Mean 15–30°C
A	−1.7 × 10⁻⁸ ± 0.3
A	−6.5 × 10⁻⁸ ± 0.3	Constrained in mounting
+0.5 × 10⁻⁷
B	−3.7 × 10⁻⁸
B(double area)	−6.8 × 10⁻⁷	Mean 15–30°C
B	2.3 × 10⁻⁷	55°C
B	−3.5 × 10⁻⁷
	+1.5 × 10⁻⁷	Series of data at 10°C, 35°C, 45°C
	+0.9 × 10⁻⁷

Manufacturer’s quoted linear expansion coefficient (and batch identification) (°C)⁻¹ × 10⁻⁸		Observed linear expansion coefficient as etalon spacer (°C)⁻¹
+0.5	B	+12 × 10⁻⁸
+0.5	B	+14 × 10⁻⁸
+0.1	(03 79 02)	−2.15 × 10⁻⁸

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Applied Optics