Atmospheric phenomena before and during sunset

M. Menat

doi:10.1364/AO.19.003458

Applied Optics
Vol. 19,
Issue 20,
pp. 3458-3468
(1980)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.19.003458

Atmospheric phenomena before and during sunset

M. Menat

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M. Menat, "Atmospheric phenomena before and during sunset," Appl. Opt. 19, 3458-3468 (1980)

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Abstract

The atmospheric transmittance and the astronomical refraction for low-elevation trajectories are discussed and quantitatively developed. The results are used to describe and calculate some of the fascinating atmospheric phenomena occurring shortly before and during sunset, such as the diminishing apparent luminance of the sun, its shape during sunset, and the green flash.

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λ	R	A	A_υ	D_AR_,_p	τ_AR_,_p
0.40	0.0566	0.186	0.0	0.270	0.54
0.45	0.0345	0.175	0.0035	0.195	0.64
0.50	0.0220	0.164	0.0345	0.150	0.71
0.55	0.0153	0.155	0.092	0.125	0.75
0.60	0.0110	0.146	0.132	0.107	0.78
0.65	0.0081	0.140	0.062	0.095	0.80
0.70	0.00634	0.134	0.023	0.086	0.82
0.75	0.00480	0.130	0.014	0.080	0.83
0.80	0.00372	0.127	0.010	0.075	0.84
0.85	0.00300	0.123	0	0.070	0.85
0.90	0.00240	0.120	0	0.067	0.86
0.95	0.00195	0.117	0	0.064	0.86
1.00	0.00160	0.115	0	0.062	0.87
1.05	0.00130	0.1125	0	0.060	0.87
1.10	0.00100	0.1105	0	0.058	0.88

i	H_i	T_i_,_o	P_i_,_o	a_t	c_t
1	0	300	1013	−6.0	5.644
2	7.0	305	432	−6.7	5.144
3	16.7	123.7	98.164	4.15	−8.168
4	22.0	167.74	40.9	2.15	−15.673
5	49.0	400.75	0.963	−2.61	12.539
6	80.5	110.0	0.01062	1.00	−36.9
7	100.0		0.0003

Location ϕ	Equator 0°	San Francisco 37°	Anchorage 60°
^a E; δ_s = 0	t_0.26 = 3.6	4.5	>7.2
S, W; δ_s = 23½	3.9	5.2	>11.9

λ	R	A	A_υ	D_AR_,_p	τ_AR_,_p
0.40	0.0566	0.186	0.0	0.270	0.54
0.45	0.0345	0.175	0.0035	0.195	0.64
0.50	0.0220	0.164	0.0345	0.150	0.71
0.55	0.0153	0.155	0.092	0.125	0.75
0.60	0.0110	0.146	0.132	0.107	0.78
0.65	0.0081	0.140	0.062	0.095	0.80
0.70	0.00634	0.134	0.023	0.086	0.82
0.75	0.00480	0.130	0.014	0.080	0.83
0.80	0.00372	0.127	0.010	0.075	0.84
0.85	0.00300	0.123	0	0.070	0.85
0.90	0.00240	0.120	0	0.067	0.86
0.95	0.00195	0.117	0	0.064	0.86
1.00	0.00160	0.115	0	0.062	0.87
1.05	0.00130	0.1125	0	0.060	0.87
1.10	0.00100	0.1105	0	0.058	0.88

i	H_i	T_i_,_o	P_i_,_o	a_t	c_t
1	0	300	1013	−6.0	5.644
2	7.0	305	432	−6.7	5.144
3	16.7	123.7	98.164	4.15	−8.168
4	22.0	167.74	40.9	2.15	−15.673
5	49.0	400.75	0.963	−2.61	12.539
6	80.5	110.0	0.01062	1.00	−36.9
7	100.0		0.0003

Abstract

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Figures (12)

Tables (3)

Equations (60)

Applied Optics