Viking infrared thermal mapper

Stillman C. Chase; Jack L. Engel; Howard W. Eyerly; Hugh H. Kieffer; Frank Don Palluconi; Donald Schofield

doi:10.1364/AO.17.001243

Applied Optics
Vol. 17,
Issue 8,
pp. 1243-1251
(1978)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.17.001243

Viking infrared thermal mapper

Stillman C. Chase, Jack L. Engel, Howard W. Eyerly, Hugh H. Kieffer, Frank Don Palluconi, and Donald Schofield

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Stillman C. Chase, Jack L. Engel, Howard W. Eyerly, Hugh H. Kieffer, Frank Don Palluconi, and Donald Schofield, "Viking infrared thermal mapper," Appl. Opt. 17, 1243-1251 (1978)

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Abstract

The infrared thermal mapper (IRTM) was designed to measure the emitted and reflected radiance of Mars. Carried by the Viking Orbiter, the IRTM contains four small Cassegrainian telescopes which each image the same, seven circular areas. There is a total of twenty-eight channels in four surface and one atmospheric thermal bands from 6 μm to 30 μm and a broad solar reflectance band. All channels are sampled simultaneously, using the spacecraft scanning capability to map the radiance over small and large areas of the planet. All channels use thermopile detectors; spectral passbands are determined by a combination of interference filters, detector lense materials, antireflection coatings, and restrahlen optics.

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Corrections

Stillman C. Chase, Jack L. Engel, Howard W. Eyerly, Hugh H. Kieffer, Frank Don Palluconi, and Donald Schofield, "Viking infrared thermal mapper: erratum," Appl. Opt. 17, 2132_1-2132 (1978)
https://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-17-14-2132_1

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Instrument type:	Multichannel radiometer Spectral bands/channels:
D	0.3–3.0 μm	7 Channels
C₁	6.1–8.3 μm	3
C₂	8.3–9.8 μm	3
B	9.8–12.5 μm	7
C₃	14.56–15.41 μm	1
A	17.7–24.0 μm	7

		28
Telescope type:	5.8 cm, f/3.5 Cassegrainian, except D above which is 3.7 cm, f/5.7
Field of view:	5.2-mrad round, seven fields of view per telescope arranged in chevron pattern
Detector type:	Evaporated thermopile, 0.030-cm diam D* = 2 × 10⁸ cm-Hz^1/2-W⁻¹
Signal processing:	Integrate, sample, and reset; ten-bits digitization
Integrate time:	981 msec; sample cycle, 112 sec
Dynamic range:	120–330 K
Noise equivalent temperature (K)
6.1–8.3 μm	1.07 at 200 K	0.07 at 320 K
8.3–9.8 μm	0.52 at 200 K	0.07 at 320 K
9.8–12.5 μm	0.32 at 200 K	0.08 at 310 K
14.56–15.41 μm	0.96 at 200 K	0.36 at 310 K
17.7–24.0 μm	0.19 at 200 K	0.12 at 300 K
Dimensions:	33 × 26.7 × 17.8 cm
Weight:	8.4 kg
Power:	6 W average, 13 W maximum

Telescope	A	B	C	D
Primary mirror Coating	ZnO	Fused silica Al and SiO	Fused silica Al and SiO	Fused silica Al and enhanced
Secondary mirror Coating	ZnO	Fused silica Al and SiO	Fused silica Al and SiO	Fused silica Al and enhanced
Detector lens Coating	IRTRAN-6	Ge	Ge	Sapphire
Detector lens Coating	Special AR	AR	AR	none
Filter substrate	N/A	Ge	C₁,C₂: Irtran3 + Ge	UV-22
			C₃: Irtran 4 + Ge

Instrument type:	Multichannel radiometer Spectral bands/channels:
D	0.3–3.0 μm	7 Channels
C₁	6.1–8.3 μm	3
C₂	8.3–9.8 μm	3
B	9.8–12.5 μm	7
C₃	14.56–15.41 μm	1
A	17.7–24.0 μm	7

		28
Telescope type:	5.8 cm, f/3.5 Cassegrainian, except D above which is 3.7 cm, f/5.7
Field of view:	5.2-mrad round, seven fields of view per telescope arranged in chevron pattern
Detector type:	Evaporated thermopile, 0.030-cm diam D* = 2 × 10⁸ cm-Hz^1/2-W⁻¹
Signal processing:	Integrate, sample, and reset; ten-bits digitization
Integrate time:	981 msec; sample cycle, 112 sec
Dynamic range:	120–330 K
Noise equivalent temperature (K)
6.1–8.3 μm	1.07 at 200 K	0.07 at 320 K
8.3–9.8 μm	0.52 at 200 K	0.07 at 320 K
9.8–12.5 μm	0.32 at 200 K	0.08 at 310 K
14.56–15.41 μm	0.96 at 200 K	0.36 at 310 K
17.7–24.0 μm	0.19 at 200 K	0.12 at 300 K
Dimensions:	33 × 26.7 × 17.8 cm
Weight:	8.4 kg
Power:	6 W average, 13 W maximum

Telescope	A	B	C	D
Primary mirror Coating	ZnO	Fused silica Al and SiO	Fused silica Al and SiO	Fused silica Al and enhanced
Secondary mirror Coating	ZnO	Fused silica Al and SiO	Fused silica Al and SiO	Fused silica Al and enhanced
Detector lens Coating	IRTRAN-6	Ge	Ge	Sapphire
Detector lens Coating	Special AR	AR	AR	none
Filter substrate	N/A	Ge	C₁,C₂: Irtran3 + Ge	UV-22
			C₃: Irtran 4 + Ge

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Applied Optics