Quasi-microscope concept for planetary missions

F. O. Huck; R. E. Arvidson; E. E. Burcher; O. Giat; S. D. Wall

doi:10.1364/AO.16.002454

Applied Optics
Vol. 16,
Issue 9,
pp. 2454-2459
(1977)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.16.002454

Quasi-microscope concept for planetary missions

F. O. Huck, R. E. Arvidson, E. E. Burcher, O. Giat, and S. D. Wall

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F. O. Huck, R. E. Arvidson, E. E. Burcher, O. Giat, and S. D. Wall, "Quasi-microscope concept for planetary missions," Appl. Opt. 16, 2454-2459 (1977)

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Abstract

Viking lander cameras have returned stereo and multispectral views of the Martian surface with a resolution that approaches 2 mm/lp in the near field. A two-orders-of-magnitude increase in resolution could be obtained for collected surface samples by augmenting these cameras with auxiliary optics that would neither impose special camera design requirements nor limit the cameras field of view of the terrain. Quasi-microscope images would provide valuable data on the physical and chemical characteristics of planetary regoliths.

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Characteristics	Survey, color and ir	High resolution
Instantaneous field of view, deg	0.12	0.04
Frame size, deg
Elevation	61.44	20.48
Azimuth: min; max	2.5; 342.5	2.5; 342.5
Field of view, deg
Elevation	100°; from 40° above to 60° below horizon, selectable in 10° increments.
Azimuth	342.5°; selectable in 2.5° increments
Photosensor
Aperture diameter, d_c, mm	0.12	0.04
Distance from lens, l_c′, mm	54.5	55.3, 54.8, 54.4, 53.9
Geometric depth of focus, Δl_c′, mm	1.38	0.47, 0.46, 0.46, 0.45
In-focus object distance, l_c, m	3.7	1.9, 2.7,4.5, 13.3
Geometric depth of field, Δl_c, m	1.7 to ∞	1.7 to ∞
Picture elements per line, Ω	512	512
Bits per picture element	6	6

	Camera imaging mode
Performance parameter	High-resolution	Multispectral
Diameter of pixel in object field, d_a, μm	11	33
Geometric resolution, μm/lp (lp/mm)	22(45)	66(15)
Geometric depth of field, Δl_c, μm	32/focus step 128, with four focus steps	96
Diameter of unvignetted object field, mm	4.1	4.1
Number of adjacent contiguous pixels per object field diameter	372	124

Figure	Sample designation	Mineralogic composition
6(a)	Norite	Mixture of ⅓ labradorite, ⅓ augite, ⅓ hypersthene, crushed
6(b)	Limonite	~90% limonite, crushed
6(c)	Peridotite	~80% augite, minor olivine, and hypersthene; crushed
6(d)	Latite	Plagioclase plus potassium feldspar, minor mafics; crushed
6(e)	Tuff breccia	Quartz sand and minor feldspar, from Pinacates volcanic field, Mexico

Characteristics	Survey, color and ir	High resolution
Instantaneous field of view, deg	0.12	0.04
Frame size, deg
Elevation	61.44	20.48
Azimuth: min; max	2.5; 342.5	2.5; 342.5
Field of view, deg
Elevation	100°; from 40° above to 60° below horizon, selectable in 10° increments.
Azimuth	342.5°; selectable in 2.5° increments
Photosensor
Aperture diameter, d_c, mm	0.12	0.04
Distance from lens, l_c′, mm	54.5	55.3, 54.8, 54.4, 53.9
Geometric depth of focus, Δl_c′, mm	1.38	0.47, 0.46, 0.46, 0.45
In-focus object distance, l_c, m	3.7	1.9, 2.7,4.5, 13.3
Geometric depth of field, Δl_c, m	1.7 to ∞	1.7 to ∞
Picture elements per line, Ω	512	512
Bits per picture element	6	6

	Camera imaging mode
Performance parameter	High-resolution	Multispectral
Diameter of pixel in object field, d_a, μm	11	33
Geometric resolution, μm/lp (lp/mm)	22(45)	66(15)
Geometric depth of field, Δl_c, μm	32/focus step 128, with four focus steps	96
Diameter of unvignetted object field, mm	4.1	4.1
Number of adjacent contiguous pixels per object field diameter	372	124

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Applied Optics