K. H. Stephan and H. Samuelsson, "Performance testing of electrostatically focused uv–visible image converters with deflection capability," Appl. Opt. 14, 2668-2677 (1975)
Two prototype uv to visible image converter tubes with image deflection capability, produced by the English Electric Valve Company, Ltd., have been tested with respect to performance parameters related to the photometric and imaging properties of the tubes. The two converters were electrostatically focused with a triode structure and were magnetically deflectable. The tests were executed at a facility for absolute intensity calibrations in the visible and vacuum uv spectral region available at the Max-Planck-Instltut für Extraterrestrische Physik. Test procedures and results are reported.
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Typical Beam Intensities Used for Response Measurements of EEV Converter Tubes
Wavelength λ (Å)
Beam intensity in 17 Å bandwidth
1135
0.525 × 1010
1163
1.46
1195
3.48
1219
4.68
1260
1.23
1280
2.61
1308
3.67
1358
2.20
1412
0.527
1432
0.503
1465
1.53
1494
1.80
1560
0.594
1657
2.01
1747
1.24
1931
0.905
2200
0.132
2479
0.793
2600
0.272
2800
0.320
3000
0.366
3200
0.405
Averaged uncertainty of nλ:Δnλ/nλ ≃ ± 0.20.
Average current from cathode ≃ 10−10 A.
Table III
Measurements of Dark Current
Measurement no.
Converter voltage (kV)
Converter B3 (quartz)
Converter B4 (MgF2)
Number of samples
Average count rate (counts/sec)
Number of samples
Average count rate (counts/sec)
1
0
1580
3.7
1620
2.8
2
0
1600
1.2
1720
3.0.
3
15
1602
342.7
1680
283.4
4
15
1620
299.3
1732
322.5
Instrumentation: Pulse-counting device connected to photomultiplier type EMR 541A-01-14 in close contact with fiber optics of converter output.
Operating Voltages: Converter, 15 kV; PMT, 3200 V.
Average converter dark current: B3: 319 counts/sec; B4: 300 counts/sec.
Paraxial distortion: Dp = [(ME − MC)/MC] × 100 (%).
For each axis, two scans at a distance of ± 1 mm from the center bar were taken.
Table V
Summary of Final Results of Performance Measurements at MPI Facility, Garching
Measured Property
Test Conditions
Converter No. B3 (Quartz)
Converter No. B4 (MgF2)
Uncertainty (total rms error)
IV. A.
Photocathode spectral response;
1135–3200 Å
QE = 7.7% at 2200 Å
QE = 8.2% at 2200 Å
ΔQE/QE ≃ ± 0.20
Solar blindness
Spectral response above 3500 Å up to wave- length, where response is 10−3 of peak
7.10−2 of peak at 3200 Å
9.5 10−2 of peak at 3200 Å
3400 Å
ΔQ/Q
8.5·10−4 of peak at 4000 Å
3.0 10−4 of peak at 4000 Å
Below
±0.30
Above
±0.50
IV. B.
Uniformity of response Useful diameter
At spectral peak along two perpendicular diameters.
±10% at 2479 Å ±15% at 1747 Å
±10% at 1657 Å
Referred to input
22 mm
22 mm
In the limits of IV B
IV. C
Dark current iD
Photomultiplier coupled to converter, dc current measurements & pulse-counting technique
0.60·10−16 A
0.57·10−16 A
ΔiD/iD = ±0.35
Derived from pulse-co unting measurements
IV. D. 1
Photon gain GPi20 green photons per uv photon
Measurement with calibrated photomultiplier RCA 4463 in the spectral range of the phosphor emission
28 at 2200 Å
28 at 2200 Å
ΔG/G = ±0.25
IV. D. 2
Gc Coupled electron gain
Measured with PMT RCA 4463 (S-20) coupled to converter
37.8
40.7
ΔGc/Gc = ±0.25. Amplification factor of photomultiplier measured at 1500 V
IV. E.
Paraxial distortionDp = [(ME − MC)/MC]×100
At 2479 Å, along two perpendicular diameters
+2.4%
+1.5%
ΔD/D = ±0.50
Paraxial magnification MC′ME
At 2479 Å, along two perpendicular axes
Center: +1.073 Edge: +1.099
Center: +1.066 Edge: +1.080
ΔM/M = ±0.02
Mean values for both axes
IV. F.
Modulation transfer function R = f(c)
At center & edges for different wavelengths without deflection; at 1931 Å with max. deflection; measurements along two perpendicular axes
Limiting resolution ∼13 lp/mm at 10% (center at 2479 Å)
Limiting resolution ∼18 lp/mmat 10% (center at 1931 Å)
ΔR/R = ±0.10
Deflection d
Deflection range
Each axis
Axis 1:300 mA for 2.09 mm; Axis 2:300 mA for 1.90 mm;
300 mA for 2.15 mm 300 mA for 1.80 mm
Δd/d ∼ ± 0.05
IV. G.
Linearity of deflection
Deflection vs current each axis
Δα/α ∼ ±0.03
IV. H.
Orthogonality of deflection axes
50 min
38 min
Accuracy of photoelectric scanning device: ±5 min
Tables (5)
Table I
Tube Properties Tested
Sec. IV
Property
A.
Spectral response Solar blindness
B.
Uniformity of response
Useful diameter
C.
Dark current
D.
Gain
Photon gain
Coupled electron gain
E.
Image distortion
Magnification
F.
Modulation transfer function
G.
Linearity of deflection
H.
Orthogonality of deflection axes
Table II
Typical Beam Intensities Used for Response Measurements of EEV Converter Tubes
Wavelength λ (Å)
Beam intensity in 17 Å bandwidth
1135
0.525 × 1010
1163
1.46
1195
3.48
1219
4.68
1260
1.23
1280
2.61
1308
3.67
1358
2.20
1412
0.527
1432
0.503
1465
1.53
1494
1.80
1560
0.594
1657
2.01
1747
1.24
1931
0.905
2200
0.132
2479
0.793
2600
0.272
2800
0.320
3000
0.366
3200
0.405
Averaged uncertainty of nλ:Δnλ/nλ ≃ ± 0.20.
Average current from cathode ≃ 10−10 A.
Table III
Measurements of Dark Current
Measurement no.
Converter voltage (kV)
Converter B3 (quartz)
Converter B4 (MgF2)
Number of samples
Average count rate (counts/sec)
Number of samples
Average count rate (counts/sec)
1
0
1580
3.7
1620
2.8
2
0
1600
1.2
1720
3.0.
3
15
1602
342.7
1680
283.4
4
15
1620
299.3
1732
322.5
Instrumentation: Pulse-counting device connected to photomultiplier type EMR 541A-01-14 in close contact with fiber optics of converter output.
Operating Voltages: Converter, 15 kV; PMT, 3200 V.
Average converter dark current: B3: 319 counts/sec; B4: 300 counts/sec.
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