Rafael R. Gattass, Rajesh Thapa, Frederic H. Kung, Lynda E. Busse, L. Brandon Shaw, and Jasbinder S. Sanghera, "Review of infrared fiber-based components," Appl. Opt. 54, F25-F34 (2015)
The infrared range of the optical spectrum is attractive for its use in sensing,
surveillance, and material characterization. The increasing availability of
compact laser sources and detectors in the infrared range stands in contrast
with the limited development of optical components for this optical range. We
highlight developments of infrared components with a particular focus on
fiber-based components for compact optical devices and systems.
Guangming Tao, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Alexander M. Stolyarov, Sylvain Danto, John V. Badding, Yoel Fink, John Ballato, and Ayman F. Abouraddy Adv. Opt. Photon. 7(2) 379-458 (2015)
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Fiber Material Systems, Effective Transmission Ranges, and Established
Commercial Vendorsa
Fiber Material
Range
Commercial Vendors
Chalcogenide
0.7–6.5 1.5–10
IRFlex, Coractive, Remspec, PERFOS, Art Photonics
Fluoride
ZBLAN InF
0.4–4.5 0.4–5.5
Fiberlabs, La verre Fluore, Thorlabs
Tellurite
0.5–4.5
NP Photonics
Silver Halide
AgBr, AgCl
3–18
Art Photonics
Exact compositions may vary, but main structural elements are used for
reference. Transmission ranges set from vendors, assuming approximately
2.5 dB/m attenuation points.
Table 2.
Availability of Fiber-Based Components Commonly Useda
Component
Materials
Status
Fiber couplers
C
Research
Imaging Bundle
C, F, S
Commercial
Attenuators
C
Commercial
Switches
C
Commercial
Fiber Bragg grating
C, F
Research
C, chalcogenide; F, fluoride; S, silver halide.
Table 3.
Comparison of Chalcogenide-Based Deliverable Variable Optical Attenuator
Components
Technology
Maximum Frequency (Hz)
Dynamic Range (dB)
Micromirror
50
10
Piezo blocker
250
30
Piezo mirror
2500
50
Table 4.
Record Fiber Bragg Gratings Peak Reflection and Center Wavelength for
Multiple Materials
Indicates damage threshold was limited by maximum available laser
power;
Indicates estimated power from nonlinear broadening in fiber.
Tables (5)
Table 1.
Fiber Material Systems, Effective Transmission Ranges, and Established
Commercial Vendorsa
Fiber Material
Range
Commercial Vendors
Chalcogenide
0.7–6.5 1.5–10
IRFlex, Coractive, Remspec, PERFOS, Art Photonics
Fluoride
ZBLAN InF
0.4–4.5 0.4–5.5
Fiberlabs, La verre Fluore, Thorlabs
Tellurite
0.5–4.5
NP Photonics
Silver Halide
AgBr, AgCl
3–18
Art Photonics
Exact compositions may vary, but main structural elements are used for
reference. Transmission ranges set from vendors, assuming approximately
2.5 dB/m attenuation points.
Table 2.
Availability of Fiber-Based Components Commonly Useda
Component
Materials
Status
Fiber couplers
C
Research
Imaging Bundle
C, F, S
Commercial
Attenuators
C
Commercial
Switches
C
Commercial
Fiber Bragg grating
C, F
Research
C, chalcogenide; F, fluoride; S, silver halide.
Table 3.
Comparison of Chalcogenide-Based Deliverable Variable Optical Attenuator
Components
Technology
Maximum Frequency (Hz)
Dynamic Range (dB)
Micromirror
50
10
Piezo blocker
250
30
Piezo mirror
2500
50
Table 4.
Record Fiber Bragg Gratings Peak Reflection and Center Wavelength for
Multiple Materials