Liquid-crystal variable retarders for aerospace polarimetry applications

R. L. Heredero; N. Uribe-Patarroyo; T. Belenguer; G. Ramos; A. Sánchez; M. Reina; V. Martínez Pillet; A. Álvarez-Herrero

doi:10.1364/AO.46.000689

Applied Optics
Vol. 46,
Issue 5,
pp. 689-698
(2007)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.46.000689

Liquid-crystal variable retarders for aerospace polarimetry applications

R. L. Heredero, N. Uribe-Patarroyo, T. Belenguer, G. Ramos, A. Sánchez, M. Reina, V. Martínez Pillet, and A. Álvarez-Herrero

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R. L. Heredero, N. Uribe-Patarroyo, T. Belenguer, G. Ramos, A. Sánchez, M. Reina, V. Martínez Pillet, and A. Álvarez-Herrero, "Liquid-crystal variable retarders for aerospace polarimetry applications," Appl. Opt. 46, 689-698 (2007)

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Abstract

We present the optical effects of different tests that simulate the aerospace environment on the liquid-crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) used in the Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment postfocal instrument of the SUNRISE payload within the NASA Long Duration Balloon program. Analysis of the influence of vacuum, temperature, vibration, and gamma and ultraviolet radiation is performed by measuring the effects of these tests on the optical retardance, the response time, the wavefront distortion, and the transmittance, including some in situ measurements. Outgassing measurements of the different parts of the LCVRs are also shown. From the results obtained it can be concluded that these optical devices are suitable and seem to be excellent candidates for aerospace platforms.

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Test	Environmental Conditions
Vacuum	P = 10⁻⁴ Pa
	T = 20 °C (constant)
Thermal vacuum	Operational levels: T = −20 °C to +40 °C (P = 10⁻⁴ Pa)
	Nonoperational levels: T = −65 °C to 70 °C (P = 10⁻⁴ Pa)
Vibration or dynamic test	Random vibration: Time: 120 s. Flat profile at 0.5 g²∕Hz between 20 and 800 Hz. Decrease 0.5 g²∕Hz at 800 Hz until 0.01g²∕Hz at 2000 Hz
	T = 22 °C ± 5 °C, RH = 50% ± 10% and P = 10⁵ Pa
	Shock loads of 10 g (11 ms half-sine shock pulse) to analyze ultimate structural failure
	T = 22 °C ± 5 °C, RH = 50% ± 10% and P = 10⁵ Pa
Outgassing	P < 10⁻³ Pa; T = 125 °C, Δt = 24 h
γ radiation	10, 20, and 54 krad at 0.5 krad∕h
UV radiation	∼30, ∼60, ∼150, and ∼180 ESH^a

	WLT^a (%)	WLR^b (%)	VCM^c (%)
Struct Bond XN-5A	4.149	3.240	0.001
ThreeBond 3026 B	3.317	2.440	0.001
ThreeBond 5030	4.421	3.477	0.155
Cables	0.565	0.441	0.140

Test	Environmental Conditions
Vacuum	P = 10⁻⁴ Pa
	T = 20 °C (constant)
Thermal vacuum	Operational levels: T = −20 °C to +40 °C (P = 10⁻⁴ Pa)
	Nonoperational levels: T = −65 °C to 70 °C (P = 10⁻⁴ Pa)
Vibration or dynamic test	Random vibration: Time: 120 s. Flat profile at 0.5 g²∕Hz between 20 and 800 Hz. Decrease 0.5 g²∕Hz at 800 Hz until 0.01g²∕Hz at 2000 Hz
	T = 22 °C ± 5 °C, RH = 50% ± 10% and P = 10⁵ Pa
	Shock loads of 10 g (11 ms half-sine shock pulse) to analyze ultimate structural failure
	T = 22 °C ± 5 °C, RH = 50% ± 10% and P = 10⁵ Pa
Outgassing	P < 10⁻³ Pa; T = 125 °C, Δt = 24 h
γ radiation	10, 20, and 54 krad at 0.5 krad∕h
UV radiation	∼30, ∼60, ∼150, and ∼180 ESH^a

	WLT^a (%)	WLR^b (%)	VCM^c (%)
Struct Bond XN-5A	4.149	3.240	0.001
ThreeBond 3026 B	3.317	2.440	0.001
ThreeBond 5030	4.421	3.477	0.155
Cables	0.565	0.441	0.140

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Applied Optics