Abstract

We compare the effects of spherical aberration on the penetration depth of single-photon and two-photon excitation for instances in which the aberration is caused by the refractive-index mismatch when a beam is focused through an interface. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that two-photon fluorescence imaging experiences less spherical aberration and can thus propagate to a deeper depth within a thick medium.

© 2000 Optical Society of America

Correction of depth-induced spherical aberration for deep observation using two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy with spatial light modulator

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Effects of refractive-index mismatch on three-dimensional optical data-storage density in a two-photon bleaching polymer

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