Youngshik Yoon, "Design and tolerancing of achromatic and anastigmatic diffractive–refractive lens systems compared with equivalent conventional lens systems," Appl. Opt. 39, 2551-2558 (2000)
Since focal diffractive optics have been introduced, designing them
has flourished, particularly as the manufacturing technology has
developed to meet the performance requirements. My purpose is to
introduce to hybrid diffractive–refractive optical systems not only
the design procedure but also the optical and the mechanical aspects of
optical tolerancing. A comparison is made with equivalent
conventional (purely refractive) systems in the visible wave band
(rather than the infrared wave band where there are many published
designs) to seek advantages and disadvantages that systems with
diffractive optics bring. The results of tolerancing comparisons
show that for small-field systems the introduction of diffractive
components has a powerful desensitizing effect, whereas for a
wide-field anastigmatic system that has been investigated the
desensitization effect of the inclusion of diffractive surfaces is less
marked. These results come mainly from the fact that an
achromatizing diffractive surface has little focal power, whereas an
achromatizing refractive component has to have a large focal
power.
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