Abstract

The photorefractive effect in titanium-in-diffused LiNbO₃ waveguides is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Measurements of mode size and transmitted optical power as a function of input optical power are presented. The diffusion constants in the diffusion model and the unknown parameters in Kukhtarev’s model are determined from measurements of the near-field intensity profiles at low and at high intensity levels. These parameters can then be used to predict waveguide behavior as a function of the input power level. The simulated behavior closely resembles that observed experimentally. Calculated corrections for thermally induced index perturbation show that the thermal effects are higher-order corrections to the dominant photorefractive effect.

© 1993 Optical Society of America

Absorption loss and photorefractive-index changes in Ti:LiNbO₃ crystals and waveguides

A. M. Glass, I. P. Kaminow, A. A. Ballman, and D. H. Olson
Appl. Opt. 19(2) 276-281 (1980)

Electrooptic-photorefractive modulation in Ti:LiNbO₃ waveguides

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Appl. Opt. 20(23) 4024-4027 (1981)

Optical waveguide channel branches in Ti-diffused LiNbO₃

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Appl. Opt. 19(17) 2890-2896 (1980)

Correlation between photorefractive index changes and optical damage thresholds in z-cut proton-exchanged-LiNbO₃ waveguides

F. Luedtke, J. Villarroel, A. García-Cabañes, K. Buse, and M. Carrascosa
Opt. Express 17(2) 658-665 (2009)

Frequency doubling in Ti:MgO:LiNbO₃ channel waveguides

Fredrik Laurell and Gunnar Arvidsson
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 5(2) 292-299 (1988)