Moustafa T. Chahine, N. L. Evans, V. Gilbert, and Robert D. Haskins, "Requirements for a passive IR advanced moisture and temperature sounder," Appl. Opt. 23, 979-989 (1984)
The design of a high spectral resolution λ/Δλ ~ 1200 IR sounder capable of increasing the vertical resolution of atmospheric temperature profiles and achieving a rms accuracy of ~1.5 K is discussed. This sounder permits improved determination of meteorological parameters on cloudiness, surface temperature, and air–surface interactions. A set of channels from the high J lines in the R branch of the 4.3-μm CO2 band complemented by a larger set of window, humidity, and temperature channels in the 3.7-,6.3-, 9-, and 15-μm regions is used. Design and simulation studies show that such a sounder is within the present state of the art.
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Differences Between Sea–Surface and Brightness Temperatures
Frequency ν (cm−1)
Bandwidth Δν (cm−1)
Dry atmosphere
Water lines
Water lines and continuum
τS
(Ts − Tb) (K)
τS
(Ts − Tb) (K)
τS
(Ts − Tb) (K)
2686.00
2.5
0.99
0.1
0.93
0.6
0.92
0.7
2616.50
2.5
0.98
0.2
0.97
0.3
0.96
0.4
2505.00
2.5
0.89
1.5
0.88
1.6
0.87
1.7
2424.00
2.5
0.66
5.4
0.65
5.4
0.65
5.5
1231.60
1.0
0.99
0.35
0.84
1.7
0.52
4.6
Nighttime tropical atmosphere with 5.3 g/cm2 of H2O. Ts = 300.0 K, ∊s = 1.0, Tb is brightness temperature, Ts is sea–surface temperature, and τs is atmospheric transmittance.
Differences Between Sea–Surface and Brightness Temperatures
Frequency ν (cm−1)
Bandwidth Δν (cm−1)
Dry atmosphere
Water lines
Water lines and continuum
τS
(Ts − Tb) (K)
τS
(Ts − Tb) (K)
τS
(Ts − Tb) (K)
2686.00
2.5
0.99
0.1
0.93
0.6
0.92
0.7
2616.50
2.5
0.98
0.2
0.97
0.3
0.96
0.4
2505.00
2.5
0.89
1.5
0.88
1.6
0.87
1.7
2424.00
2.5
0.66
5.4
0.65
5.4
0.65
5.5
1231.60
1.0
0.99
0.35
0.84
1.7
0.52
4.6
Nighttime tropical atmosphere with 5.3 g/cm2 of H2O. Ts = 300.0 K, ∊s = 1.0, Tb is brightness temperature, Ts is sea–surface temperature, and τs is atmospheric transmittance.
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