Yb<sup>3+</sup> ion concentration effects on &#x223C;1&#x2009;&#x2009;&#x3BC;m emission in tellurite glass

Sathravada Balaji; Atul D. Sontakke; K. Annapurna

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.29.001569

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 29,
Issue 7,
pp. 1569-1579
(2012)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.29.001569

${Yb}^{3 +}$ ion concentration effects on $\sim 1 μm$ emission in tellurite glass

Sathravada Balaji, Atul D. Sontakke, and K. Annapurna

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Sathravada Balaji, Atul D. Sontakke, and K. Annapurna, "Yb³⁺ ion concentration effects on ∼1 μm emission in tellurite glass," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 29, 1569-1579 (2012)

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Abstract

The effects of ${Yb}^{3 +}$ ion concentration on physical, optical, and spectroscopic properties have been studied in a low phonon ( $\sim 590 {cm}^{- 1}$ ) barium-lanthanum-tellurite glass. Due to the unfeasibility of Judd-Ofelt theory ${Yb}^{3 +}$ -doped systems, the oscillator strength of absorption transition, ${{}^{2}F}_{7 / 2} \to {}^{2}{F_{5 / 2}}$ has been evaluated by using the Smakula equation. The nature of emission from ${{}^{2}F}_{5 / 2} \to {}^{2}{F_{7 / 2}}$ transition of ${Yb}^{3 +}$ ions is described theoretically by using a rate equation in comparison with experimental results. By applying reciprocity (RM) and Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg methods on emission spectra as well as the excitation random walk model on measured fluorescence lifetimes, the radiation trapping and concentration quenching effects have been discussed. Considering all the spectroscopic and laser performance parameters, an optimum Yb-ion doping concentration (YT1) has been determined, and the gain measurements performed on the sample revealed a flat gain over a broad wavelength range could be achieved even with a low ( $\sim 20 %$ ) excitation population density. A comparative study with other hosts revealed the potentiality of the present glass for $\sim 1$ micron emission.

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Physical/Optical Property	YT01	YT05	YT1	YT3	YT5
Density, $ρ (g / {cm}^{3})$	5.6037	5.6196	5.6251	5.7272	5.7973
Concentration, $N_{Yb}^{3 +} (10^{20} ions / {cm}^{3})$	0.3911	1.9583	3.9127	11.857	19.849
Average Molecular Weight, $M_{avg}$	172.538	172.811	173.152	174.517	175.883
Molar Volume, $V_{M} ({cm}^{3} / mol)$	30.789	30.751	30.674	30.472	30.339
Molar Refractivity, $R_{M} ({cm}^{3})$	15.949	15.938	15.889	15.758	15.637
Molar electronic polarizability, $α_{e} (Å^{3})$	6.330	6.318	6.299	6.247	6.199
Polaron radius, $r_{p}^{Yb 3 +} (Å)$	11.872	6.940	5.482	3.807	3.206
Inter ionic distance, $r_{i}^{Yb 3 +} (Å)$	29.460	17.221	13.603	9.448	7.957
Field strength, $F^{Yb 3 +} (10^{15} {cm}^{2})$	0.2128	0.6228	0.9982	2.0699	2.9187
$n_{D} (589.2 nm)$	2.0573	2.0561	2.0553	2.0526	2.0472
$n_{F} (486.1 nm)$	2.0941	2.0929	2.0919	2.0891	2.0835
$n_{C} (656.3 nm)$	2.0424	2.0414	2.0405	2.0380	2.0327
Reflection loss, R (%)	11.959	11.942	11.930	11.890	11.809
Abbe number, $ν_{D}$	20.450	20.491	20.531	20.598	20.650
$n_{2} (10^{- 13} esu)$	23.738	23.613	23.505	23.265	22.923
$n_{2} (10^{- 15} {cm}^{2} / W)$	4.8347	4.8119	4.7919	4.7491	4.6918
$χ_{1111}^{3} 10^{- 13} esu$	1.2954	1.2878	1.2815	1.2667	1.2447
Oscillator Strength, $f (10^{- 6})$	2.2739	2.0278	1.9345	1.8542	1.8004
Optical Band gap, $E_{g} (eV)$ ; ${(α h ν)}^{1 / 2}$	3.1832	3.1875	3.1923	3.2196	3.2351
Oxide ion polarizability, $α_{e (Eg)}^{02 -} (Å^{3})$	4.1074	4.0994	4.0871	4.0543	4.0217
Oxide ion polarizability, $α_{e (n)}^{02 -} (Å^{3})$	4.2192	4.2113	4.1986	4.1639	4.1319
Optical basicity, $Λ_{(Eg)}$	1.2634	1.2626	1.2614	1.2581	1.2547
Optical basicity, $Λ_{(n)}$	1.2742	1.2734	1.2722	1.2689	1.2658

Sample	${Yb}^{3 +} ion (10^{20} ions / {cm}^{3})$	$σ_{abs} (λ_{P}) (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$α_{p}^{emi} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$		$α_{s}^{emi} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$		$α_{s}^{emi} / α_{p}^{emi}$		rtc
Sample	${Yb}^{3 +} ion (10^{20} ions / {cm}^{3})$	$σ_{abs} (λ_{P}) (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	RM	FL	RM	FL	RM	FL	rtc
YT01	0.3911	2.060	2.804	1.859	1.563	1.275	0.557	0.686	0.225
YT05	1.9583	1.975	2.682	1.293	1.419	1.239	0.529	0.958	0.811
YT1	3.9127	1.934	2.654	0.886	1.328	1.209	0.500	1.364	1.727
YT3	11.857	1.718	2.331	0.616	1.282	1.141	0.550	1.852	2.368
YT5	19.849	1.460	1.999	0.441	1.252	1.107	0.626	2.510	3.008

Sample	${Yb}^{3 +}$ ion Wt (%)	${A C}_{Yb}^{5 / 3} - {B C}_{Yb}^{3}$	Major Effect
YT01	0.228	0.0141	Radiative Trapping
YT05	1.140	0.2028	Radiative Trapping
YT1	2.275	0.6238	Radiative Trapping
YT3	6.677	3.1859	Radiative Trapping
YT5	11.203	5.7959	Radiative Trapping

Laser Performance Parameter	YT01	YT05	YT1	YT3	YT5
$σ_{emi} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$
( $λ_{ext} = 1006 nm$ )	1.275	1.239	1.209	1.141	1.107
( $λ_{ext} = 1024 nm$ )	1.006	1.019	1.064	1.211	1.254
( $λ_{ext} = 1049 nm$ )	0.576	0.591	0.630	0.783	0.893
$A_{R} (s^{- 1})$	3246	2922	2701	2608	2498
$Δ λ_{eff} (nm)$	55	72	76	71	66
$τ_{f} (μs)$	434	536	634	625	449
$σ_{em} τ_{f} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2} ms)$
( $λ_{ext} = 1006 nm$ )	0.553	0.664	0.766	0.713	0.497
( $λ_{ext} = 1024 nm$ )	0.437	0.575	0.676	0.757	0.563
( $λ_{ext} = 1049 nm$ )	0.250	0.333	0.400	0.489	0.401
$I_{\min} (KW / {cm}^{2})$
( $λ_{ext} = 1006 nm$ )	3.789	3.049	2.743	3.166	5.143
( $λ_{ext} = 1024 nm$ )	1.565	1.259	1.133	1.308	2.125
( $λ_{ext} = 1049 nm$ )	0.460	0.370	0.333	0.384	0.625
$U_{sat} (J / {cm}^{2})$
( $λ_{ext} = 1006 nm$ )	13.03	13.55	13.96	14.74	15.19
( $λ_{ext} = 1024 nm$ )	17.61	17.76	17.17	15.19	14.72
( $λ_{ext} = 1049 nm$ )	31.76	31.34	29.52	23.83	20.95
$τ_{\min} (fs)$
( $λ_{ext} = 1006 nm$ )	61.33	46.85	44.38	47.51	51.11
( $λ_{ext} = 1024 nm$ )	63.55	48.54	45.99	49.23	52.96
( $λ_{ext} = 1049 nm$ )	66.69	50.94	48.26	51.66	55.57
$P_{\max} (PW / {cm}^{2})$
( $λ_{ext} = 1006 nm$ )	0.253	0.340	0.368	0.364	0.349
( $λ_{ext} = 1024 nm$ )	0.303	0.392	0.397	0.326	0.292
( $λ_{ext} = 1049 nm$ )	0.493	0.629	0.623	0.468	0.382

Host Glass	$N_{Yb 3 +} (10^{20} ions / {cm}^{3})$	$σ_{ab} (λ_{P}) (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$λ_{ext} (nm)$	$σ_{em} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$A_{R} (s^{- 1})$	$Δ λ_{eff} (nm)$	$τ_{f} (ms)$	$σ_{em} τ_{f} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2} ms)$	$I_{\min} (kW / {cm}^{2})$	$U_{sat} (J / {cm}^{2})$	$τ_{\min} (fs)$	$P_{\max} (PW / {cm}^{2})$	Ref
SACF0.2	0.502	1.19	—	0.98	613	33	1.29	1.26	2.43	8.45	101	0.315	[18]
SACF0.4	1.036	1.17	—	0.61	506	42	1.43	0.7	1.51	11.2	79	0.432	[18]
YTG	6.43	1.64	1024	2.35		46	0.90	2.12	0.81	—	—	—	[18]
PLY	—	0.99	—	1.32	—	—	1.21	1.59	1.89	—	—	—	[27]
QX	—	0.50	1018	0.70	—	—	2.00	1.40	1.80	—	—	—	[27]
Li-F-B	1.15	2.56	1022	1.07	3515	60	0.81	0.86	1.69	16.20	—	—	[26]
Bi-Pb-Ga	0.64	2.20	1012	0.75	3000	86	0.40	0.10	3.40	22.60	—	—	[26]
Nb-Te	4.21	4.09	1028	1.10	3200	66	0.59	0.65	1.62	14.02	—	—	[26]
YT1	3.9127	1.934	1006	1.209	2701	76	0.63	0.77	2.74	13.96	44.38	0.368	Present
	—	—	1024	1.064	—	—	—	0.68	1.13	17.17	45.99	0.397	Present
	—	—	1049	0.630	—	—	—	0.40	0.33	29.52	48.26	0.623	Present

Abstract

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Equations (13)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B