The interim connection space based on human color vision for spectral color reproduction

Xiandou Zhang; Qiang Wang; Jincheng Li; Ping Yang; Jieyue Yu

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.29.001027

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 29,
Issue 6,
pp. 1027-1034
(2012)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.29.001027

The interim connection space based on human color vision for spectral color reproduction

Xiandou Zhang, Qiang Wang, Jincheng Li, Ping Yang, and Jieyue Yu

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Xiandou Zhang, Qiang Wang, Jincheng Li, Ping Yang, and Jieyue Yu, "The interim connection space based on human color vision for spectral color reproduction," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 29, 1027-1034 (2012)

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Table of Contents Category
- Vision, Color, and Visual Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 11, 2011
- Revised Manuscript: January 21, 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: January 24, 2012
- Published: May 25, 2012
Virtual Issues
Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics Vol. 7, Iss. 8

Abstract

To improve the spectral image color reproduction accuracy, two novel interim connection spaces (ICSs) were proposed. The dominant structure of spectral power distributions was extracted by principal component analysis for the widely used illuminants and light sources, and then further transformed to three synthetic illuminants. The CIEXYZ tristimulus under two or three synthetic illuminants was employed to construct two novel ICSs. The two ICSs were compared with LabPQR and the ICS with two sets of tristimulus under two real light sources according to the spectral and colorimetric representing accuracy of Munsell and Natural Color System (NCS) chips. The results indicated that the two ICSs proposed in this study outperformed the other two ICSs as a whole.

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	LabPQR			ICS_2RLS			ICS_2SI			ICS_3SI
	minimum	mean	maximum	minimum	mean	maximum	minimum	mean	maximum	minimum	mean	maximum
RMSE	0.0011	0.0083	0.0475	0.0017	0.0130	0.0591	0.0011	0.0110	0.0523	0.0007	0.0071	0.0396
GFC	0.9507	0.9990	1.0000	0.9052	0.9971	1.0000	0.9571	0.9983	1.0000	0.9594	0.9990	1.0000

		$Δ E_{a b}^{*}$
		LabPQR			ICS_2RLS			ICS_2SI			ICS_3SI
	Illuminants	Mean	Max.	$% > 3$ ^a	Mean	Max.	$% > 3$	Mean	Max.	$% > 3$	Mean	Max.	$% > 3$
LED	Sylvania TrueAim	0.460	5.934	0.946	0.506	7.392	2.524	0.229	2.404	0.000	0.011	0.171	0.000
	Luxina EXZ-CG-M250	0.468	6.209	0.946	0.390	5.639	1.577	0.278	2.870	0.000	0.014	0.210	0.000
	Philips 50Par30 L	0.452	5.662	0.789	0.362	5.043	1.104	0.147	1.671	0.000	0.006	0.129	0.000
	Erco Clear Lens	0.464	6.083	0.789	0.596	8.859	3.943	0.262	2.616	0.000	0.015	0.187	0.000
	Osram Par 38	0.466	6.088	0.789	0.666	10.022	4.259	0.292	2.710	0.000	0.013	0.202	0.000
	GE Par 38 Flood	0.468	6.133	0.789	0.654	9.824	4.259	0.292	2.745	0.000	0.014	0.203	0.000
	GE Par 38 Spot	0.468	6.126	0.789	0.664	9.991	4.259	0.294	2.742	0.000	0.014	0.200	0.000
	Osram Diachroic	0.456	5.866	0.946	0.466	6.758	2.051	0.210	2.167	0.000	0.010	0.159	0.000
	GE Tungsten	0.508	6.759	0.789	0.842	13.030	5.363	0.351	3.199	0.158	0.020	0.222	0.000
	Erco Blue Lens	0.486	6.414	0.789	0.603	8.343	3.943	0.257	2.088	0.000	0.025	0.203	0.000
	LSI C2M2	0.569	8.180	1.262	0.519	7.081	2.366	0.420	4.051	0.631	0.033	0.414	0.000
	Cooper RWD1-RWS-CW	0.796	10.960	3.312	0.452	3.233	0.158	0.528	5.859	1.104	0.021	0.293	0.000
	Cooper RXD1-RWS-WW	0.349	4.504	0.158	0.214	1.423	0.000	0.342	3.671	0.473	0.035	0.438	0.000
	Philips BBG480	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.415	3.460	0.473	0.105	1.397	0.000
	Cooper RXD2-RWS-WW	0.362	4.657	0.315	0.241	1.520	0.000	0.345	3.729	0.473	0.041	0.517	0.000
	Erco RAL9002	0.194	2.415	0.000	0.182	2.271	0.000	0.277	2.367	0.000	0.094	1.204	0.000
	LSI C3M2	0.592	8.568	1.735	0.489	6.288	2.051	0.420	4.375	0.631	0.031	0.434	0.000
CIE	A	0.447	5.721	0.789	0.559	8.228	2.997	0.221	2.215	0.000	0.009	0.171	0.000
	Daylight (5000)	0.570	7.222	1.577	0.222	2.392	0.000	0.214	1.737	0.000	0.016	0.181	0.000
	Daylight (6500)	0.580	7.254	1.735	0.194	1.536	0.000	0.251	2.426	0.000	0.022	0.231	0.000
	Daylight (8000)	0.584	7.305	1.420	0.209	1.817	0.000	0.305	3.230	0.315	0.026	0.288	0.000
	Daylight (10000)	0.586	7.343	1.420	0.231	2.032	0.000	0.367	3.953	0.631	0.030	0.337	0.000
	Daylight (12000)	0.587	7.357	1.420	0.246	2.154	0.000	0.412	4.435	0.789	0.033	0.370	0.000
	Daylight (14000)	0.587	7.361	1.420	0.256	2.230	0.000	0.444	4.774	0.789	0.035	0.394	0.000
	Daylight (16000)	0.587	7.360	1.420	0.264	2.281	0.000	0.469	5.023	0.789	0.037	0.411	0.000
	Daylight (18000)	0.587	7.358	1.420	0.269	2.317	0.000	0.487	5.213	0.946	0.038	0.424	0.000
	Daylight (20000)	0.587	7.355	1.420	0.274	2.343	0.000	0.502	5.362	0.946	0.039	0.434	0.000
	Daylight (22000)	0.587	7.351	1.420	0.277	2.363	0.000	0.514	5.482	0.946	0.039	0.442	0.000
	Daylight (24000)	0.587	7.348	1.420	0.280	2.378	0.000	0.524	5.580	0.946	0.040	0.449	0.000
LED	Photon Star	0.472	6.143	0.473	0.275	2.062	0.000	0.396	3.595	0.631	0.023	0.218	0.000
	Solux Diachroic	0.473	5.694	0.789	0.194	2.038	0.000	0.144	1.163	0.000	0.007	0.075	0.000
	Sylvania 2048794	0.541	7.937	0.946	0.468	5.764	1.577	0.398	3.857	0.631	0.028	0.339	0.000
	GE F40W/AD	0.594	7.695	1.893	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.270	2.972	0.000	0.060	0.558	0.000
	Sylvania 2048806	0.529	7.740	0.946	0.460	5.661	1.577	0.384	3.651	0.631	0.029	0.365	0.000
	GE Par 30	0.478	6.374	0.631	0.269	2.095	0.000	0.455	4.103	0.789	0.022	0.269	0.000
	Nature Studio	0.634	8.279	1.735	0.205	2.117	0.000	0.282	2.309	0.000	0.029	0.234	0.000
	Sylvania MR16	0.374	5.104	0.315	0.196	1.298	0.000	0.289	3.089	0.158	0.043	0.623	0.000
	LSI C4M2	0.604	8.450	1.735	0.258	2.378	0.000	0.345	3.853	0.315	0.030	0.400	0.000
	Philips EnduraLED	0.460	6.213	0.631	0.257	2.044	0.000	0.432	3.946	0.789	0.034	0.350	0.000
	Philips TLD	0.516	6.088	0.631	0.158	1.106	0.000	0.183	1.907	0.000	0.052	0.633	0.000
	Cooper DL11-WS-WW	0.567	8.120	1.420	0.283	2.274	0.000	0.510	5.100	1.262	0.016	0.144	0.000
	Cooper DL11-WS-CW	0.495	6.941	0.473	0.337	3.272	0.158	0.142	0.852	0.000	0.089	1.310	0.000
	GE Vio	0.366	4.738	0.315	0.698	5.856	2.051	0.378	2.901	0.000	0.212	2.320	0.000
	Pro-Lite Daylight	1.293	14.434	7.571	1.200	14.685	8.517	0.599	4.214	0.631	0.418	2.625	0.000
	Sylvania Par 30LN	0.328	4.422	0.158	0.184	1.202	0.000	0.288	3.171	0.158	0.046	0.659	0.000
	Osram Dulux	1.184	11.242	5.994	1.283	16.412	8.833	0.795	7.105	3.312	0.481	2.869	0.000
CIE	Daylight (4000)	0.560	7.308	1.735	0.334	4.576	0.946	0.227	2.415	0.000	0.013	0.233	0.000
	Daylight (6000)	0.577	7.236	1.577	0.194	1.421	0.000	0.235	2.091	0.000	0.020	0.207	0.000
	Daylight (7000)	0.582	7.273	1.420	0.197	1.645	0.000	0.269	2.726	0.000	0.023	0.253	0.000
	Daylight (9000)	0.585	7.328	1.420	0.221	1.941	0.000	0.338	3.630	0.631	0.029	0.315	0.000
	Daylight (11000)	0.587	7.352	1.420	0.239	2.101	0.000	0.391	4.216	0.631	0.032	0.355	0.000
	Daylight (13000)	0.587	7.360	1.420	0.252	2.197	0.000	0.429	4.618	0.789	0.034	0.383	0.000
	Daylight (15000)	0.587	7.361	1.420	0.260	2.258	0.000	0.457	4.907	0.789	0.036	0.403	0.000
	Daylight (17000)	0.587	7.359	1.420	0.267	2.300	0.000	0.479	5.124	0.789	0.037	0.417	0.000
	Daylight (19000)	0.587	7.356	1.420	0.272	2.331	0.000	0.495	5.292	0.946	0.038	0.429	0.000
	Daylight (21000)	0.587	7.353	1.420	0.275	2.353	0.000	0.508	5.425	0.946	0.039	0.438	0.000
	Daylight (23000)	0.587	7.350	1.420	0.278	2.371	0.000	0.519	5.533	0.946	0.040	0.445	0.000
	Daylight (25000)	0.587	7.347	1.420	0.281	2.385	0.000	0.528	5.622	1.262	0.040	0.451	0.000
Statistic	Mean	0.540	6.905	1.314	0.361	4.085	1.112	0.366	3.647	0.484	0.049	0.501	0.000
	Maximum	1.293	14.434	7.571	1.283	16.412	8.833	0.795	7.105	3.312	0.481	2.869	0.000
	Variance	0.031	3.740	1.434	0.057	12.935	4.145	0.016	1.820	0.308	0.007	0.312	0.000

	LabPQR			ICS_2RLS			ICS_2SI			ICS_3SI
	minimum	mean	maximum	minimum	mean	maximum	minimum	mean	maximum	minimum	mean	maximum
RMSE	0.0009	0.0102	0.0705	0.0012	0.0166	0.0918	0.0013	0.0147	0.0732	0.0011	0.0107	0.0555
GFC	0.9372	0.9989	1.0000	0.8904	0.9972	1.0000	0.9415	0.9983	1.0000	0.9473	0.9990	1.0000

		$Δ E_{a b}^{*}$
		LabPQR			ICS_2RLS			ICS_2SI			ICS_3SI
		mean	max	$% > 3$	mean	max	$% > 3$	mean	max	$% > 3$	mean	max	$% > 3$
Statistic	Mean	0.608	9.672	2.472	0.382	5.312	1.019	0.456	5.280	0.665	0.058	0.629	0.045
	Maximum	1.075	18.464	5.026	1.412	19.808	11.282	0.920	11.080	6.051	0.629	5.393	1.590
	Variance	0.023	7.969	0.880	0.060	21.149	4.738	0.025	3.467	0.789	0.012	0.900	0.061

ICS	Dimension	Spectral Accuracy	Colorimetric Accuracy	Illuminant Selective	Robustness	Compatible with ICC
LabPQR	6	High	Low	Yes	Low	Poor
ICS_2RLS	6	Low	High	Yes	Low	Good
ICS_2SI	6	High	High	No	High	Good
ICS_3SI	9	Highest	Highest	No	Highest	Good

Abstract

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Tables (5)

Equations (7)

Journal of the Optical Society of America A