The emission spectrum of ytterbium was photographed under varied conditions from 600 to 11 000 Å in order to obtain a complete description of the spectra of the doubly and triply ionized species. The main transition arrays of these species were identified, and where feasible, the analysis was carried through. All 41 energy levels, 28 odd and 13 even, belonging to the 4f14, 4f13 5d, 4f13 6s, 4f13 6p, and 4f13 7s configurations of Yb iii have been experimentally determined along with the appropriate quantum numbers. Eleven of 20 possible 4f13 6d levels and their quantum numbers have also been determined. Many Yb iii levels are supported by intermediate coupling calculations. The ionization potential of Yb iii was determined to be 25.4±0.5 eV from the Rydberg formula. The two 2F 4f13 levels of Yb iv have been determined in addition to 20 of a possible 107 4f12 5d levels, of which a few are expected to be spurious.
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Calculated energies and wavefunctions for the 4f135d, 6p, 6s, and 7s configurations of Yb iii. The parameters are those of Table II. The decimal fractions as read horizontally give the proper linear combination of the LS states which forms the wavefunction corresponding to a particular energy level. The LS labels above each boldfaced decimal would be the designation of the corresponding energy level if the spin–orbit interaction were removed entirely.
4f13nl
nl
J
E(cm−1)
3H
1H
3G
1G
3F
1F
3D
1D
3P
1P
6
38 948
1.0000
5
36 938
0.7480
−0.6408
0.1732
5
43 485
0.1162
0.3833
0.9163
5
50 471
0.6535
0.6652
−0.3613
4
39 978
−0.2846
−0.5935
0.3589
−0.6601
4
53 909
−0.1292
0.7351
0.6044
−0.2817
4
47 007
0.8843
−0.1879
0.4257
0.0200
5d
4
42 573
−0.3467
−0.2646
0.5685
0.6973
3
51 445
0.7858
0.1435
0.5859
−0.1368
3
43 043
0.2865
0.4628
−0.6276
−0.5566
3
53 294
−0.5232
0.6519
0.4793
−0.2676
3
38 839
0.1637
0.5833
−0.1822
0.7745
2
51 502
0.7114
−0.6518
−0.1983
0.1732
2
48 579
0.6068
0.4154
0.6521
−0.1866
2
40 490
−0.3479
−0.5448
0.7318
0.2159
2
33 730
0.0693
0.3265
−0.0000
0.9427
1
49 861
0.9101
−0.3986
−0.1127
1
39 949
0.3533
0.8890
−0.2914
1
53 357
0.2163
0.2254
0.9500
0
45 761
1.0000
5
77 959
1.0000
4
72 471
−0.6766
0.5989
−0.4285
4
79 291
−0.1588
0.4496
0.8790
4
88 487
0.7191
0.6627
−0.2091
3
78 780
−0.2352
−0.4807
0.6613
0.5256
6p
3
89 423
−0.3983
0.7307
0.5269
−0.1729
3
82 533
0.8799
0.1450
0.4507
−0.0407
3
72 169
0.1088
0.4626
−0.2862
0.8320
2
88 996
0.8051
−0.5269
−0.2723
2
78 082
0.2128
0.6851
−0.6967
2
82 907
0.5536
0.5030
0.6637
1
87 615
1.0000
4
34 660
1.0000
3
35 033
0.6792
0.7339
6s
3
45 157
0.7339
−0.6792
2
44 858
1.0000
4
120 223
1.0000
7s
3
120 399
0.6660
0.7460
3
130 565
0.7460
−0.6660
2
130 434
1.0000
Table II
Final parameters as defined by Condon and Shortley for the 4f135d, 6p, 6s, 7s configurations of Ybiii in units of cm−1.
Fk(nl,n′l′)
Config.
F0
F2
F4
4f135d
44 073
186.8
14.4
4f136p
80 737
81.2
4f136s
39 367
4f137s
124 752
ζl(nl,n′l′)
n′l′
ζf
ζd
ζp
5d
2950.2
1211.0
6p
2921.0
4019.8
6s
2913.6
7s
2917.3
Gk(nl,n′l′)
l+l′ odd
l+l′ even
Config.
G1
G3
G5
G2
G7
4f135d
193.2
24.62
4.11
4f136p
10.34
9.88
4f136s
336.6
4f137s
153.0
Table III
Experimental and theoretical energy levels of Yb iii. The parent level is represented by a single letter followed by the nlj of the added electron. Since j is half-integer,
is subtracted from it and the integer placed before the J to form a double subscript to l; e.g., (2F7/2)(6p3/2)5=a6p15.
I2 = intensity in the mild spark. I3 = intensity in the mild spark. I1 = intensity in arc.
Table V
Experimental energy levels of Yb iv.
E(obs) (cm−1)
Designation
0
4f13 2F7/2
10 090
2F5/2
88 195
4f125d
94 636
95 298
95 395
96 268
96 690
96 809
97 040
97 288
97 915
98 234
98 274
98 380
99 794
101 189
106 039
106 811
108 592
114 884
122 128
Tables (5)
Table I
Calculated energies and wavefunctions for the 4f135d, 6p, 6s, and 7s configurations of Yb iii. The parameters are those of Table II. The decimal fractions as read horizontally give the proper linear combination of the LS states which forms the wavefunction corresponding to a particular energy level. The LS labels above each boldfaced decimal would be the designation of the corresponding energy level if the spin–orbit interaction were removed entirely.
4f13nl
nl
J
E(cm−1)
3H
1H
3G
1G
3F
1F
3D
1D
3P
1P
6
38 948
1.0000
5
36 938
0.7480
−0.6408
0.1732
5
43 485
0.1162
0.3833
0.9163
5
50 471
0.6535
0.6652
−0.3613
4
39 978
−0.2846
−0.5935
0.3589
−0.6601
4
53 909
−0.1292
0.7351
0.6044
−0.2817
4
47 007
0.8843
−0.1879
0.4257
0.0200
5d
4
42 573
−0.3467
−0.2646
0.5685
0.6973
3
51 445
0.7858
0.1435
0.5859
−0.1368
3
43 043
0.2865
0.4628
−0.6276
−0.5566
3
53 294
−0.5232
0.6519
0.4793
−0.2676
3
38 839
0.1637
0.5833
−0.1822
0.7745
2
51 502
0.7114
−0.6518
−0.1983
0.1732
2
48 579
0.6068
0.4154
0.6521
−0.1866
2
40 490
−0.3479
−0.5448
0.7318
0.2159
2
33 730
0.0693
0.3265
−0.0000
0.9427
1
49 861
0.9101
−0.3986
−0.1127
1
39 949
0.3533
0.8890
−0.2914
1
53 357
0.2163
0.2254
0.9500
0
45 761
1.0000
5
77 959
1.0000
4
72 471
−0.6766
0.5989
−0.4285
4
79 291
−0.1588
0.4496
0.8790
4
88 487
0.7191
0.6627
−0.2091
3
78 780
−0.2352
−0.4807
0.6613
0.5256
6p
3
89 423
−0.3983
0.7307
0.5269
−0.1729
3
82 533
0.8799
0.1450
0.4507
−0.0407
3
72 169
0.1088
0.4626
−0.2862
0.8320
2
88 996
0.8051
−0.5269
−0.2723
2
78 082
0.2128
0.6851
−0.6967
2
82 907
0.5536
0.5030
0.6637
1
87 615
1.0000
4
34 660
1.0000
3
35 033
0.6792
0.7339
6s
3
45 157
0.7339
−0.6792
2
44 858
1.0000
4
120 223
1.0000
7s
3
120 399
0.6660
0.7460
3
130 565
0.7460
−0.6660
2
130 434
1.0000
Table II
Final parameters as defined by Condon and Shortley for the 4f135d, 6p, 6s, 7s configurations of Ybiii in units of cm−1.
Fk(nl,n′l′)
Config.
F0
F2
F4
4f135d
44 073
186.8
14.4
4f136p
80 737
81.2
4f136s
39 367
4f137s
124 752
ζl(nl,n′l′)
n′l′
ζf
ζd
ζp
5d
2950.2
1211.0
6p
2921.0
4019.8
6s
2913.6
7s
2917.3
Gk(nl,n′l′)
l+l′ odd
l+l′ even
Config.
G1
G3
G5
G2
G7
4f135d
193.2
24.62
4.11
4f136p
10.34
9.88
4f136s
336.6
4f137s
153.0
Table III
Experimental and theoretical energy levels of Yb iii. The parent level is represented by a single letter followed by the nlj of the added electron. Since j is half-integer,
is subtracted from it and the integer placed before the J to form a double subscript to l; e.g., (2F7/2)(6p3/2)5=a6p15.